þÿ<html> <head> <title>12-r @8<5G0=8O : 12-<C B><C !!  8 $-. 082-201</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1251"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="main.css" type="text/css"> </head> <body> <p> </p> <p class=Ttl> '/</p> <p> </p> <p class=Pl><a href=refs-050.htm>?@54K4CI85</a> !<>B@5BL <a href=refs-300.htm>40;55</a></p> <p> </p> <p class=Pl><a href="013.htm#082" name="082"><b>082.</b> <i>0<?>D>@<89A:89 <8@=K9 4>3>2>@</i>, 70:;NG5==K9 17 >:BO1@O 1797 3. <564C $@0=F859 8 2AB@859, 7025@H8; =0G0BCN 2 1792 3. 2>9=C $@0=FC7A:>9 @5A?C1;8:8 ?@>B82 2AB@88, 2E>482H59 2 ?5@2CN 0=B8D@0=FC7A:CN :>0;8F8N. > <8@=><C 4>3>2>@C 2AB@8O, 2KH54H0O 87 MB>9 :>0;8F88 2 @57C;LB0B5 ?>154 D@0=FC7A:>9 0@<88, ?>;CG8;0 =0 15@530E 4@80B8G5A:>3> <>@O 1>;LHCN G0ABL B5@@8B>@88 5=5F80=A:>9 @5A?C1;8:8 (2<5AB5 A 3>@>4>< 5=5F859) 8 ?@8=04;5602H85 ?>A;54=59 G0AB8 B5@@8B>@89 AB@88 8 0;<0F88; : $@0=F88 1K;8 ?@8A>548=5=K >=8G5A:85 >AB@>20 8 2;045=8O 5=5F80=A:>9 @5A?C1;8:8 =0 0;10=A:>< ?>15@56L5.<br> <br> <i>N=528;LA:89 <8@=K9 4>3>2>@</i>, 70:@5?82H89 CA;>28O 0<?>D>@<89A:>3> 4>3>2>@0, 1K; 70:;NG5= <564C $@0=F859 8 2AB@859 9 D52@0;O 1801 3. ?>A;5 ?>@065=8O 2>9A: 2B>@>9 0=B8D@0=FC7A:>9 :>0;8F88.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=013.htm#p-086 target=_blank>86.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="013.htm#083" name="083"><b>083.</b> > <i>@5A1C@3A:><C</i> <8@=><C 4>3>2>@C, 70:;NG5==><C <564C $@0=F859 8 2AB@859 26 45:01@O 1805 3., 2AB@8O ?@87=020;0 70E20B $@0=F859 G0AB8 8B0;LO=A:>9 B5@@8B>@88 (L5<>=B0, 5=C8, 0@<K, 80G5=FK 8 4@.) 8 CABC?0;0 B0;LO=A:><C :>@>;52AB2C (B> 5ABL 0?>;5>=C I, AB02H5<C :>@>;5< B0;88) ?@8=04;5602H85 59 2;045=8O =0 4@80B8G5A:>< ?>15@56L5  5=5F8N, AB@8N 8 0;<0F8N, A>E@0=82 70 A>1>9 B>;L:> "@85AB. > 4>3>2>@C 2 5=5, 70:;NG5==><C <564C $@0=F859 8 2AB@859 14 >:BO1@O 1809 3. 8 ?>;CG82H5<C =0720=85 (Q=1@C==A:>3> <8@=>3> 4>3>2>@0 (>= 1K; ?>4?8A0= 2 (Q=1@C==A:>< 70<:5 2 5=5), 2AB@8O CABC?0;0 $@0=F88 "@85AB, G0ABL @09=K 8 0@8=B88, G0ABL %>@20B88, $8C<5, AB@8N A >AB@>20<8 8 2A5 A2>8 2;045=8O ?> ?@02><C 15@53C @5:8 !02K 4> 3@0=8F >A=88. "5< A0<K< >B 2AB@88 : $@0=F88 ?5@5E>48;> 2A5 40;<0B8=A:>5 ?>15@56L5 4@80B8G5A:>3> <>@O.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=013.htm#p-086 target=_blank>86.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="013.htm#084" name="084"><b>084.</b> > 4>3>2>@C 1815 3., 70:;NG5==><C =0 5=A:>< :>=3@5AA5 8 ?>4?8A0==><C =3;859, $@0=F859,  >AA859, @CAA859, 2AB@859 8 4@C38<8 3>AC40@AB20<8 70 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 4> 18B2K C 0B5@;>>, : 2AB@88 2=>2L >B>H;8 ><10@48O, 5=5F8O 8 =5:>B>@K5 8B0;LO=A:85 35@F>3AB20.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=013.htm#p-086 target=_blank>86.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="013.htm#085" name="085"><b>085.</b> <i>2AB@89A:8< ;>94><</i> 0@:A =07K205B ?0@>E>4=>5 >1I5AB2>, >A=>20==>5 2 "@85AB5 2 1833 3>4C. <O ;>940, 2;045;LF0 :0D5 2 >=4>=5, 345 1K;0 >@30=87>20=0 (2 :>=F5 XVII  =0G0;5 XVIII 22.) ?5@20O 0=3;89A:0O :><?0=8O ?> AB@0E>20=8N <>@A:8E AC4>2, AB0;8 =>A8BL <=>385 AB@0E>2K5 ?0@>E>4=K5 >1I5AB20 2 AB@0=0E 2@>?K.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=013.htm#p-087 target=_blank>87.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="013.htm#086" name="086"><b>086.</b> !B@01>=. «?8A0=85 75<;8», B. 3.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=013.htm#p-094 target=_blank>94.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="013.htm#087" name="087"><b>087.</b> <i>#A:>:8</i> (A5@1A:.  153;5FK)  10;:0=A:85 A;02O=5, 15602H85 =0 40;<0B8=A:>5 ?>15@56L5 4@80B8:8 ?>A;5 70E20B0 BC@:0<8 >A=88 8 5@F53>28=K 2> 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=5 XV 25:0. @30=87>202H8AL 2 >A>1K5 B09=K5 2>5==K5 3@C??K  G5BK (4@C68=K), CA:>:8 2 B5G5=85 XV XVI AB>;5B89 25;8 1>@L1C A BC@:0<8, A>25@H0O =01538 =0 ACH5 8 =0 <>@5 ?@8 ?>445@6:5 <5AB=KE 68B5;59. 59AB28O CA:>:>2 2 @09>=5 4@80B8G5A:>3> <>@O ?>4@K20;8 B0:65 8 <>@A:CN B>@3>2;N 5=5F88. >@L10 CA:>:>2 1K;0 A2>5>1@07=>9 D>@<>9 =0F8>=0;L=>9, @5;838>7=>9 8 :;0AA>2>9 1>@L1K ?>:>@5==>3> =0A5;5=8O ?@>B82 702>520B5;59 8 <5AB=KE 75<;52;045;LF52. 0<OBL > <C65AB25, A<5;>AB8, C<5;>< 2;045=88 >@C685< 8 ?>42830E CA:>:>2 A>E@0=8;0AL 4> A8E ?>@ 2 =0@>4=KE ?5A=OE 0?04=KE 0;:0=.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=013.htm#p-094 target=_blank>94.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="013.htm#088" name="088"><b>088.</b> 0@:A 8<55B 2 284C @01>BC (. $. >B0=->?@5 «Rapports sur les rades, ports et mouillages de la cote orientale du golfe de Venise» («BG5BK > @5940E, ?>@B0E 8 O:>@=KE AB>O=:0E 2>AB>G=>3> 15@530 5=5F80=A:>3> 70;820»), >?C1;8:>20==CN 2 «Annales hydrographiques». T. 2, Paris, 1849 («84@>3@0D8G5A:85 ;5B>?8A8». ". 2, 0@86, 1849).</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=013.htm#p-096 target=_blank>96.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="014.htm#089" name="089"><b>089.</b> <i>>?@>A > 52H0B5;5</i></a>  <a href="014.htm#089" name="089"><a href=refs-050.htm#068 name=068 target=_blank>A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <b>68</b>.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=014.htm#p-098 target=_blank>98.</a></i></a></p> <p class=Pl><a href="014.htm#090" name="090"><b>090.</b> <55BAO 2 284C @O4 ?>@065=89 1C@3C=4A:>3> 35@F>30 0@;0 !<5;>3> 2 18B20E A> H259F0@F0<8 ?@8 @0=A>=5 (:0=B>= 004B) 2 <0@B0 1476 3. 8 C@B5=5 (:0=B>= $@591C@3) 22 8N=O 1476 3., 0 B0:65 2 18B25 ?@8 3>@>45 0=A8 (!525@>->AB>G=0O $@0=F8O) 5 O=20@O 1477 3., 345 0@<8O 0@;0 !<5;>3> 1K;0 @0718B0 2>9A:0<8 H259F0@F52, ;>B0@8=3F52, M;L70AF52 8 =5<F52.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=014.htm#p-099 target=_blank>99.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="014.htm#091" name="091"><b>91.</b> > 5=A:><C B@0:B0BC 1815 3. @CAA8O ?>;CG8;0 G0ABL ><5@0=88  B0: =07K205<CN H254A:CN ><5@0=8N.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=014.htm#p-100 target=_blank>100.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="014.htm#092" name="092"><b>92.</b> <i>>=AB0=FA:89 A>1>@</i> (1414 1418) 1K; A>720= ?@8 0:B82=>< A>459AB288 35@<0=A:>3> 8<?5@0B>@0 !8387<C=40 A F5;LN C:@5?;5=8O ?>H0B=C2H53>AO ?>;>65=8O :0B>;8G5A:>9 F5@:28 2 CA;>28OE =0G02H53>AO @5D>@<0F8>==>3> 42865=8O.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=014.htm#p-102 target=_blank>102. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="014.htm#093" name="093"><b>93.</b> <i>CA8BK</i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a><i>  AB@. <a href=014.htm#p-103 target=_blank>103. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="014.htm#094" name="094"><b>94.</b> <i>"01>@8BK</i> (>B 3>@>40 "01>@  F5=B@0 42865=8O)  @52>;NF8>==>5, 45<>:@0B8G5A:>5 :@K;> 2 3CA8BA:>< =0F8>=0;L=>->A2>1>48B5;L=>< 8 @5D>@<0F8>==>< 42865=88 2 '5E88</a> <a href=#093 target=_blank>(A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <b>93</b>).</a> <a href="014.htm#094">"01>@8BK >B@060;8 2 A2>8E B@51>20=8OE AB@5<;5=85 :@5ABLO=A:8E <0AA 8 3>@>4A:8E =87>2 : ;8:2840F88 2A53> D5>40;L=>3> AB@>O.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=014.htm#p-103 target=_blank>103. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="014.htm#095" name="095"><b>95.</b> <i>(<0;L:0;L45=A:89 A>N7</i> (A2>5 =0720=85 ?>;CG8; >B ?@CAA:>3> 3>@>40 (<0;L:0;L45=0, 345 >= 1K; 70:;NG5=)   A>N7 ?@>B5AB0=BA:8E :=O759 8 @O40 8<?5@A:8E 3>@>4>2, 2>7=8:H89 2 =0G0;5 1531 3. 4;O 70I8BK 45;0  5D>@<0F88 ?@>B82 :0B>;8G5A:8E :=O759 2> 3;025 A 8<?5@0B>@>< 0@;>< V.  1546 1548 33. <564C 8<?5@0B>@>< 8 A>N7>< 25;0AL 2>9=0, :>B>@0O 70:>=G8;0AL ?>154>9 0@;0 V 8 @0A?04>< (<0;L:0;L45=A:>3> A>N70. @>B5AB0=BK >45@60;8 ?>154C =04 0@;>< V ;8HL 2 1555 3>4C.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=014.htm#p-103 target=_blank>103. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="014.htm#096" name="096"><b>96.</b> <i>"@84F0B8;5B=OO 2>9=0</i> 1618 1648 33.  ?5@20O >1I552@>?59A:0O 2>9=0, 2K720==0O 1>@L1>9 <564C ?@>B5AB0=B0<8 8 :0B>;8:0<8. >9=0 =0G0;0AL 2>AAB0=85< 2 '5E88 ?@>B82 3=5B0 01A1C@3A:>9 <>=0@E88 8 =0ABC?;5=8O :0B>;8G5A:>9 @50:F88. :;NG82H85AO 70B5< 2 2>9=C 52@>?59A:85 3>AC40@AB20 A>AB02;O;8 420 ;035@O. 0?0, 8A?0=A:85 8 02AB@89A:85 01A1C@38 8 :0B>;8G5A:85 :=O7LO 5@<0=88, >1J548=82H8AL ?>4 7=0<5=5< :0B>;8F87<0, 2KABC?8;8 ?@>B82 ?@>B5AB0=BA:8E AB@0=: '5E88, 0=88, (25F88, 3>;;0=4A:>9 @5A?C1;8:8 8 @O40 ?@8=O2H8E  5D>@<0F8N =5<5F:8E 3>AC40@AB2. @>B5AB0=BA:85 AB@0=K ?>445@6820;8AL D@0=FC7A:8<8 :>@>;O<8, ?@>B82=8:0<8 01A1C@3>2. 5@<0=8O A45;0;0AL 3;02=>9 0@5=>9 MB>9 1>@L1K, >1J5:B>< 2>5==>3> 3@01560 8 70E20B=8G5A:8E ?@8BO70=89 CG0AB=8:>2 2>9=K. >9=0, =>A82H0O =0 ?5@2>9 AB0488 E0@0:B5@ A>?@>B82;5=8O @50:F8>==K< A8;0< D5>40;L=>-01A>;NB8ABA:>9 2@>?K, 2K;8;0AL, >A>15==> A 1635 3., 2@O4 2B>@65=89 2 5@<0=8N 8=>75<=KE 702>520B5;59, A>?5@=8G02H8E 4@C3 A 4@C3><. >9=0 70:>=G8;0AL 2 1648 3. 70:;NG5=85< 5ABD0;LA:>3> <8@0, 70:@5?82H53> ?>;8B8G5A:CN @074@>1;5==>ABL 5@<0=88.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=014.htm#p-103 target=_blank>103. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="014.htm#097" name="097"><b>97.</b>  ?5@8>4 "@84F0B8;5B=59 2>9=K 1@0=45=1C@3A:89 :C@DN@AB 5>@3-8;L35;L< 70:;NG8; 2 1631 3. A>N7 A> (25F859, => >G5=L =5>E>B=> 25; 2>9=C. ?0A0OAL 70E20B0 ><5@0=88 A2>8< 7OB5<, H254A:8< :>@>;5< CAB02>< II 4>;LD><, 2>73;02;O2H8< A>N7 ?@>B5AB0=BA:8E 3>AC40@AB2, 5>@3-8;L35;L< 2A:>@5 >B:070; 5<C 2 ?><>I8.  1635 3. >= 87<5=8; (25F88 8 70:;NG8; <8@ A 35@<0=A:8< 8<?5@0B>@><.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=014.htm#p-103 target=_blank>103. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="014.htm#098" name="098"><b>98.</b> >9=0 1701 1714 33. 70 <i>A?0=A:>5 =0A;54AB2></i> 25;0AL <564C $@0=F859 8 A?0=859, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, 8 =3;859, >;;0=4859, 2AB@859, @CAA859 8 4@C38<8 =5<5F:8<8 3>AC40@AB20<8 2> 3;025 A 35@<0=A:8< 8<?5@0B>@><  A 4@C3>9. 0G0B0O :0: 48=0AB8G5A:0O 2>9=0 @07;8G=KE ?@5B5=45=B>2 =0 8A?0=A:89 ?@5AB>;, 2>9=0 70 A?0=A:>5 =0A;54AB2> D0:B8G5A:8 ?@52@0B8;0AL 2 2>9=C 70 @0745; 2;045=89A?0=88 8 2 ?5@2>5 1>;LH>5 AB>;:=>25=85 <564C $@0=F859 8 =3;859 70 3>A?>4AB2> =0 <>@5 8 2 :>;>=8OE. >9=0 7025@H8;0AL G0AB8G=K< @0745;>< 8A?0=A:>9 8<?5@88, 2;045=8O :>B>@>9 2 845@;0=40E 8 B0;88 1K;8 >B40=K 02AB@89A:8< 01A1C@30<, 81@0;B0@ 8 >AB@>2 5=>@:0  =3;88 8 B. 4.  @57C;LB0B5 2>9=K 1K;0 >A;01;5=0 <>@A:0O 8 :>;>=80;L=0O <>IL $@0=F88, 2;045=8O :>B>@>9 2 !525@=>9 <5@8:5 B0:65 ?5@5H;8 : =3;88, ?>;CG82H59 2 2>9=5 70 A?0=A:>5 =0A;54AB2> =081>;LH85 2K3>4K.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=014.htm#p-104 target=_blank>104. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="014.htm#099" name="099"><b>99.</b> @CAA8O, ?@8=8<02H0O CG0AB85 2 !525@=>9 2>9=5 =0 AB>@>=5  >AA88 ?@>B82 (25F88, 70:;NG8;0 2 1720 3. A> (25F859 <8@, ?> :>B>@><C ?>;CG8;0 G0ABL H254A:>9 ><5@0=88, >AB@>20 #754>< 8 >;8= 2 ><>@A:>9 1CEB5<br> <br>  1772, 1793 8 1795 33. A>AB>O;8AL B@8 @0745;0 >;LH8 ( 5G8 >A?>;8B>9), B5@@8B>@8O :>B>@>9 1K;0 ?>45;5=0 <564C  >AA859, @CAA859 8 2AB@859.  >AA8O ?>;CG8;0 ;8B>2A:85, 15;>@CAA:85 8 C:@08=A:85 75<;8. @CAA8O 8 2AB@8O  :>@5==K5 ?>;LA:85 75<;8 8 70?04=CN G0ABL #:@08=K<br> <br> 0 5=A:>< :>=3@5AA5 1815 3., 70:@5?82H5< ?5@545; 2@>?K <564C ?>1548B5;O<8 0?>;5>=0, @CAA8O ?>;CG8;0 !525@=CN !0:A>=8N, >7=0=L,  59=A:CN ?@>28=F8N 8 5ABD0;8N, 0  >AA8O  &0@AB2> >;LA:>5, 2:;NG02H55 G0ABL ?>;LA:8E 75<5;L, 2E>482H8E 4> MB>3> 2 ?@CAA:85 2;045=8O.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=014.htm#p-104 target=_blank>104.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="015.htm#100" name="100"><b>100.</b> !?@>2>F8@>20==K9 0=3;8G0=0<8 :>=D;8:B A :8B09A:8<8 2;0ABO<8 2 0=B>=5 2>7=8: 2 >:BO1@5 1856 3>40. =3;89A:89 :>=AC; 0@:A 8A?>;L7>20; 2 :0G5AB25 ?@54;>30 : :>=D;8:BC 0@5AB <5AB=K<8 :8B09A:8<8 2;0ABO<8 :><0=4K :8B09A:>3> :>=B@010=48ABA:>3> AC4=0 «-@@>C», AAK;0OAL =0 B>, GB> >=> ?;020;> ?>4 1@8B0=A:8< D;03><. >A;54>202H89 70 :>=D;8:B>< 20@20@A:89 ?@8:07 0=3;89A:>3> C?>;=><>G5==>3> 2 8B05 6>=0 >C@8=30 > 1><10@48@>2:5 0=B>=0, :>B>@0O 1K;0 =0G0B0 157 ?@54C?@5645=8O, ?>A;C68; ?@>;>3>< 2B>@>9 «>?8C<=>9» 2>9=K A 8B05< 1856 1858 3>4>2.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=015.htm#p-105 target=_blank>105.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="015.htm#101" name="101"><b>101.</b>  5GL 845B >1 0=3;>-:8B09A:>< 4>3>2>@5, ?>4?8A0==>< 8 >:BO1@O 1843 3. 4>?>;=8B5;L=> : 0=:8=A:><C 4>3>2>@C, 70:;NG5==><C <564C =3;859 8 8B05< 29 023CAB0 1842 3>40. 5@02=>?@02=K9 3@018B5;LA:89 0=:8=A:89 4>3>2>@ 1K; =02O70= 0=3;89A:8<8 :>;>=870B>@0<8 8B0N ?>A;5 >:>=G0=8O ?5@2>9 «>?8C<=>9»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a> (A<. B0:65 =0AB>OI89 B><, <a href=018.htm#p-140 target=_blank>AB@. 140 141</a>).<i>  AB@. <a href=015.htm#p-105 target=_blank>105.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="015.htm#102" name="102"><b>102.</b> >A;5 ?5@2>9 «>?8C<=>9» 2>9=K (1839 1842) 3;02=K< A?>@=K< 2>?@>A>< <564C 0=3;8G0=0<8 8 :8B09A:8< ?@028B5;LAB2>< 1K;> B@51>20=85 0=3;89A:8E :C?F>2 ?@54>AB028BL 8< ?@02> B>@3>2;8 8 >A54;>AB8 2 ?@545;0E 3>@>4A:8E AB5= 0=B>=0, B0: :0: AB0BLO 2 0=:8=A:>3> 4>3>2>@0 ?@O<>3> @07@5H5=8O =0 MB> 8=>AB@0=F0< =5 4020;0. ><>30B5;LAB20 0=3;8G0= 2 MB>< >B=>H5=88 1K;8 A2O70=K B0:65 8 A B5< >1AB>OB5;LAB2><, GB> 0=B>= 1K; 548=AB25==K< 3>@>4><, G5@57 :>B>@K9 25;8AL 2A5 48?;><0B8G5A:85 >B=>H5=8O A 8B05<, ?>A:>;L:C 8=>AB@0==K5 45@602K ?>A;5 ?5@2>9 «>?8C<=>9» 2>9=K 2A5 5I5 =5 <>3;8 8<5BL A2>8E 48?;><0B8G5A:8E ?@54AB028B5;59 2 5:8=5. 284C B>3>, GB> :8B09A:>5 =0A5;5=85 A>?@>B82;O;>AL 4>ABC?C 8=>AB@0=F52 2 ?@545;K AB5= 0=B>=0, 2>?@>A MB>B ?>4=8<0;AO =5A:>;L:> @07.  0?@5;5 1846 3. =3;88 C40;>AL 4>18BLAO A>3;0H5=8O A :8B09A:8<8 2;0ABO<8, ?> :>B>@><C 0=B>= >1JO2;O;AO >B:@KBK< 4;O 8=>AB@0=F52. > 2284C 1C@=>3> 42865=8O ?@>B5AB0 A@548 68B5;59 3>@>40 >:>=G0B5;L=>3> @5H5=8O ?@8=OB> =5 1K;>.  1847 3. 0=3;8G0=5, ?CAB82 2 E>4 C3@>7K, 4>18;8AL >15I0=8O >B:@KBL 4>ABC? 2 3>@>4 ?> 8AB5G5=88 42CE ;5B. 4=0:> :>340 2 1849 3. 3C15@=0B>@ >=:>=30 >=E5< AB0; =0AB0820BL =0 2K?>;=5=88 MB>3> CA;>28O, >= 2K=C645= 1K; >B:070BLAO >B A2>8E B@51>20=89 87-70 1>O7=8 =0@>4=>3> 2>AAB0=8O.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=015.htm#p-108 target=_blank>108.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="015.htm#103" name="103"><b>103.</b>  50-E 3>40E XIX 2. 0<5@8:0=5F #8;LO< #>:5@, 2 ?@>H;>< @01>2;045;5F, ?@54?@8=O; @O4 020=BN@8AB8G5A:8E M:A?548F89 4;O 702>520=8O 3>AC40@AB2 &5=B@0;L=>9 <5@8:8.  1855 3., 2> 2@5<O <564>CA>1=>9 2>9=K 2 @5A?C1;8:5 8:0@03C0, #>:5@, ?>445@60==K9 >4=>9 87 1>@NI8EAO ?0@B89, >2;045; 3;02=K< 3>@>4>< @5A?C1;8:8  @0=04>9 8 2A:>@5 ?@>2>73;0A8; A51O ?@57845=B>< 8:0@03C0, 345 25; A51O :0: 48:B0B>@ 8 ?KB0;AO 2>AAB0=>28BL @01>2;045=85. > 2@5<O A2>59 020=BN@8AB8G5A:>9 M:A?548F88 2 >=4C@0A #>:5@ 1K; 70E20G5= 2 ?;5= 8 2 1860 3. @0AAB@5;O=. #>:5@ O2;O;AO >@C485< 0<5@8:0=A:8E <03=0B>2 0=45@18;B0 8 >@30=0, 1>@>2H8EAO 70 2;0ABL 2 8:0@03C0, G5@57 B5@@8B>@8N :>B>@>3> ?@54?>;030;>AL ?@>25AB8 :0=0;, A>548=ONI89 B;0=B8G5A:89 8 "8E89 >:50=K.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=015.htm#p-109 target=_blank>109.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="015.htm#104" name="104"><b>104.</b> <i>«The Daily News»</i> («654=52=K5 =>2>AB8»)  0=3;89A:0O ;815@0;L=0O 3075B0, >@30= ?@><KH;5==>9 1C@6C0788; ?>4 40==K< =0720=85< 2KE>48;0 2 >=4>=5 A 1846 ?> 1930 3>4.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=015.htm#p-110 target=_blank>110.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="015.htm#105" name="105"><b>105.</b> @54;>3>< : ?5@2>9 «>?8C<=>9» 2>9=5 A 8B05< (1839 1842) ?>A;C68;8 @5H8B5;L=K5 <5@K A?5F80;L=>3> :><8AA0@0 8=L &7M-ANO ?@>B82 0=3;89A:>9 :>=B@010=4=>9 B>@3>2;8 >?8C<><. 8=L &7M-AN9 ?>B@51>20; >B 0=3;89A:8E :C?F>2 2 0=B>=5 2K40BL 5<C 70?0A >?8C<0 8 ?@8:070; 2K1@>A8BL 53> 2 <>@5. >A?>;L7>202H8AL MB8<, 0=3;8G0=5 =0G0;8 2>5==K5 459AB28O.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=015.htm#p-110 target=_blank>110.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="015.htm#106" name="106"><b>106.</b> 0@:A 8<55B 2 284C B> >1AB>OB5;LAB2>, GB> : =0G0;C 1857 3. F5=B@0;L=0O G0ABL 8B0O, =081>;55 ?;>4>@>4=K5 8 1>30BK5 >1;0AB8 53>, @0A?>;>65==K5 2 A@54=5< B5G5=88 @5:8 /=F7K, 1K;8 70=OBK B09?8=0<8</a> <a href=refs-050.htm#072 target=_blank>(A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <b>72</b>).</a><i>  AB@. <a href=015.htm#p-110 target=_blank>110.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="016.htm#107" name="107"><b>107.</b>  5GL 845B > B0: =07K205<>< =52H0B5;LA:>< :>=D;8:B5</a> <a href=refs-050.htm#068 target=_blank>(A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <b>68</b>).</a><i>  AB@. <a href=016.htm#p-111 target=_blank>111.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="016.htm#108" name="108"><b>108.</b> @8 <i>5<?0E5</i> (:0=B>= NF5@=) 9 8N=O 1386 3. 8<5;> <5AB> A@065=85 H259F0@F52 A 2>9A:0<8 02AB@89A:>3> 35@F>30 5>?>;L40 III, 70:>=G82H55AO ?>154>9 H259F0@A:8E 2>9A:<br> <br> @8 <i>>@30@B5=5</i> 15 =>O1@O 1315 3. ?@>87>H;0 18B20 <564C H259F0@A:8< >?>;G5=85< 8 2>9A:>< 5>?>;L40 01A1C@30, 2 :>B>@>9 ?>1548;8 H259F0@FK<br> <br> <i>C@B5=</i> 8 <i>@0=A>=</i></a> <a href=#090 target=_blank>  A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <b>90</b>.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=016.htm#p-111 target=_blank>111.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="016.htm#109" name="109"><b>109.</b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br> <br> > 2@5<O 2>9= $@0=F88 ?@>B82 2B>@>9 0=B8D@0=FC7A:>9 :>0;8F88 (1798 1801), 70:>=G82H8EAO N=528;LA:8< <8@=K< 4>3>2>@><</a> <a href=#082 target=_blank>(A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <b>82</b>)</a>, <a href="016.htm#109">(259F0@8O AB0;0 >4=8< 87 3;02=KE B50B@>2 2>5==KE 459AB289.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=016.htm#p-115 target=_blank>115.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="016.htm#110" name="110"><b>110.</b>  5GL 845B > 70E20B=8G5A:8E :>;>=80;L=KE 2>9=0E, :>B>@K5 D@0=FC7A:85 :>;>=870B>@K 25;8 2 ;68@5 2 30 70-E 3>40E XIX 2. A F5;LN ?>:>@5=8O MB>9 AB@0=K. B>@65=85 D@0=FC7>2 2 ;68@ 2K720;> 4;8B5;L=>5 8 C?>@=>5 A>?@>B82;5=85 0@01A:>3> =0A5;5=8O. ! D@0=FC7A:>9 AB>@>=K 2>9=0 25;0AL A 8A:;NG8B5;L=>9 65AB>:>ABLN.  1847 3. 702>520=85 ;68@0 2 >A=>2=>< 1K;> 7025@H5=>, => 1>@L10 0;68@A:>3> =0@>40 70 A2>N =57028A8<>ABL =5 ?@5:@0I0;0AL.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=016.htm#p-117 target=_blank>117.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="016.htm#111" name="111"><b>111.</b> <i>"8@>;LA:>5 2>AAB0=85</i>  ?0@B870=A:0O 2>9=0 :@5ABLO= "8@>;O (0?04=0O 2AB@8O) ?@>B82 D@0=FC7A:8E 2>9A:, 2A?KE=C2H0O 2 0?@5;5 1809 3>40. 54>AB0B>G=> ?>445@60==>5 02AB@89A:8<8 2>9A:0<8 2>AAB0=85 1K;> ?>402;5=> D@0=FC70<8 8 8B0;LO=F0<8 2 1810 3>4C<br> <br> <i>A?0=A:0O ?0@B870=A:0O 2>9=0</i></a> <a href=refs-050.htm#052 target=_blank>  A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <b>52</b></a><br> <br> <a href="016.htm#111"><i>0A:A:>5 :0@;8ABA:>5 2>AAB0=85</i></a> <a href=refs-050.htm#049 target=_blank>  A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <b>49</b></a><br> <br> <a href="016.htm#111">>9=0 3>@F52 !525@=>3> 02:070 ?@>B82 F0@A:>9  >AA88, =0G02H0OAO 2 :>=F5 20-E 3>4>2 XIX 2., 1K;0 2K720=0 :>;>=870B>@A:>9 ?>;8B8:>9 F0@87<0 8 3=5B>< ?>445@68205<KE F0@A:8< ?@028B5;LAB2>< <5AB=KE D5>40;>2. A2>1>48B5;L=>5 2 F5;>< 42865=85 3>@F52 >B;8G0;>AL 2 B> 65 2@5<O =5:>B>@K<8 @50:F8>==K<8 G5@B0<8. > 3;025 42865=8O AB>O;8, :0: ?@028;>, ?@825@65=FK <N@8487<0  =081>;55 D0=0B8G5A:>3> 8 2>8=AB25==>3> 87 @50:F8>==KE B5G5=89 8A;0<0. ?8@0OAL =0 <CAC;L<0=A:>5 4CE>25=AB2>, 8A?>;L7CO =54>2>;LAB2> 3>@F52, <N@84K AC<5;8 A>1@0BL ?@>B82 F0@A:8E 2>9A: 7=0G8B5;L=K5 A8;K.  30-E 3>40E 8< C40;>AL A>740BL 2 035AB0=5 8 '5G=5 A2>N @5;838>7=CN 2>5==>-3>AC40@AB25==CN >@30=870F8N 2> 3;025 A (0<8;5<. 2865=85<, 2>73;02;O5<K< (0<8;5<, ?KB0;8AL 2>A?>;L7>20BLAO 2 70E20B=8G5A:8E F5;OE "C@F8O 8 =3;8O, AB@5<82H85AO >BB>@3=CBL 02:07 >B  >AA88. >@L10 ?@>B82 (0<8;O, C:@5?82H53>AO 2 3>@=KE :@5?>ABOE, ?@54AB02;O;0 A5@L57=K5 B@C4=>AB8 8 70BO=C;0AL =0 =5A:>;L:> 45AOB8;5B89. > >:>=G0=88 @K<A:>9 2>9=K @CAA:85 2>9A:0 AB0;8 =0=>A8BL A8;0< (0<8;O >4=> ?>@065=85 70 4@C38< 8 2 023CAB5 1859 3. >2;045;8 8E ?>A;54=8< C1568I5<  C:@5?;5=85< C=81. >@065=8N (0<8;O A?>A>1AB2>20;> >1@07>20=85 87 <N@84>2 =>2>9 D5>40;L=>9 7=0B8, C3=5B02H59 :@5ABLO=, :>B>@K5 AB0;8 >BE>48BL >B (0<8;O.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=016.htm#p-118 target=_blank>118. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="017.htm#112" name="112"><b>112.</b>03;0285 AB0BL8 40=> ?> G5@=>2>9 @C:>?8A8 0@:A0.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=017.htm#p-120 target=_blank>120. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="017.htm#113" name="113"><b>113.</b> <i>!8:E0<8</i> 2 XVI 2. =07K20;0AL @5;838>7=0O A5:B0 2 5=46015, GL5 CG5=85 > @025=AB25 (AB@5<;5=85 @8<8@8BL 8=4C87< A 8A;0<><) AB0;> 845>;>3859 @0725@=C2H59AO A :>=F0 XVII 2. 1>@L1K :@5ABLO= ?@>B82 8=489A:8E D5>40;>2 8 0D30=A:8E 70E20BG8:>2.  40;L=59H5< A@548 A0<8E A8:E>2 2K45;8;0AL D5>40;L=0O 25@ECH:0, ?@54AB028B5;8 :>B>@>9 AB>O;8 2> 3;025 3>AC40@AB20 A8:E>2, 2:;NG02H53> 2 =0G0;5 XIX 2. 25AL 5=4601 8 @O4 A>A54=8E >1;0AB59.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=017.htm#p-120 target=_blank>120. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="017.htm#114" name="114"><b>114.</b> <i>N;8AB0=A:89 4>3>2>@</i>, ?>4?8A0==K9 24 (12) >:BO1@O 1813 3., 7025@H8; @CAA:>-?5@A84A:CN 2>9=C 1804 1813 3>4>2. >3>2>@ >D>@<8; 2:;NG5=85 2 A>AB02  >AA89A:>9 8<?5@88 035AB0=0, @C788 A (C@035;LA:>9 ?@>28=F859, <5@5B88, C@88, 8=3@5;88 8 1E0788, 0 B0:65 E0=AB2 0@010EA:>3>, 0=468=A:>3>, (5:8=A:>3>, (8@20=A:>3>, 5@15=BA:>3>, C18=A:>3>, 0:8=A:>3> 8 A525@=>9 G0AB8 "0;KH8=A:>3>.  >AA88 ?@54>AB02;O;>AL 8A:;NG8B5;L=>5 ?@02> 8<5BL 2>5==K9 D;>B =0 0A?89A:>< <>@5; 4>3>2>@>< >1CA;>2;820;0AL B0:65 A2>1>40 B>@3>2;8 4;O :C?F>2 >158E AB>@>=.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=017.htm#p-123 target=_blank>123. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="017.htm#115" name="115"><b>115. </b><i>"C@:<0=G09A:89 4>3>2>@</i>, ?>4?8A0==K9 22 (10) D52@0;O 1828 3. 2 A5;5=88 "C@:<0=G09, 7025@H8; @CAA:>-?5@A84A:CN 2>9=C 1826  1828 33., =0G0BCN ?5@A84A:8< H0E>< A F5;LN 70E20B0 @CAA:8E 2;045=89 2 0:02:07L5. >3>2>@ CAB0=02;820; =>2CN 3@0=8FC <564C  >AA859 8 5@A859, 2 >A=>2=>< ?> @5:5 @0:A.   >AA88 >B>H;8 B5@@8B>@88 E0=AB2 -@820=A:>3> (?> >158< AB>@>=0< @5:8 @0:A0) 8 0E8G520=A:>3>. >4B25@640;0AL A2>1>40 ?;020=8O 2 0A?89A:>< <>@5 4;O @CAA:8E B>@3>2KE AC4>2 8 8A:;NG8B5;L=>5 ?@02>  >AA88 8<5BL 745AL 2>5==K9 D;>B. 0  >AA859 70:@5?;O;>AL ?@02> :>=AC;LA:>9 N@8A48:F88, 0 B0:65 ?@54>AB02;O;AO @O4 ?@58<CI5AB2 2 B>@3>2KE 2708<>>B=>H5=8OE A 5@A859.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=017.htm#p-123 target=_blank>123. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="017.htm#116" name="116"><b>116.</b> >A;5 A<5@B8 2 >:BO1@5 1833 3. =0A;54=8:0 ?5@A84A:>3> ?@5AB>;0 110A-<8@7K, 53> ?@55<=8:>< 1K; >1JO2;5= 53> AK= >E0<<54-<8@70, =07=0G5==K9 ?@028B5;5< 75@109460=0. >A;5 A<5@B8 2 >:BO1@5 1834 3. ?@5AB0@5;>3> $5BE-;8-H0E0, 4540 >E0<<54-<8@7K, ?>O28;>AL =5A:>;L:> ?@5B5=45=B>2 =0 H0EA:89 ?@5AB>;. =3;89A:89 ?>A;0==8: M<?15;;, @0AAG8BK20O ?>AB028BL =>2>3> H0E0 2 7028A8<>ABL >B =3;88, ?><>3 >E0<<54C CB25@48BLAO =0 ?@5AB>;5, A=01482 53> 45=L30<8 4;O ?>E>40 87 "02@870 =0 "535@0=. >9A:0<8 >E0<<54-H0E0 :><0=4>20; 0=3;89A:89 >D8F5@ 8=4A8.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=017.htm#p-123 target=_blank>123. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="017.htm#117" name="117"><b>117.</b> <55BAO 2 284C ?5@20O <i>0=3;>-0D30=A:0O 2>9=0</i> 1838 1842 33., ?@54?@8=OB0O =3;859 A F5;LN :>;>=80;L=>3> ?>@01>I5=8O D30=8AB0=0.  023CAB5 1839 3. 1K; 70=OB 01C;, => 87-70 2A?KE=C2H53> B0< 2 =>O1@5 1841 3. 2>AAB0=8O 0=3;8G0=5 1K;8 2K=C645=K 2 O=20@5 1842 3. =0G0BL >BABC?;5=85 2 =48N, ?5@5H54H55 2 ?0=8G5A:>5 153AB2>. 7 4500 A>;40B 0=3;89A:>9 0@<88 8 12 000 G5;>25: ;035@=>9 ?@8A;C38 4> 3@0=8FK =488 4>1@5; B>;L:> >48= G5;>25:.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=017.htm#p-125 target=_blank>125. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="017.htm#118" name="118"><b>118.</b>  5@0B5 A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href="refs-050.htm#074" target=_blank><b>74</b>.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=017.htm#p-126 target=_blank>126. </a></i></a></p> <p class=Pl><a href="017.htm#119" name="119"><b>119.</b>  5GL 845B > E828=A:>< ?>E>45, ?@54?@8=OB>< 2 =>O1@5 1839 3. 2 F5;OE 702>520=8O %828=A:>3> E0=AB20 M:A?548F8>==K< >B@O4>< ?>4 :><0=4>9 >@5=1C@3A:>3> 2>5==>3> 3C15@=0B>@0 35=5@0;0 . . 5@>2A:>3>. B@O4 2 A>AB025 5000 G5;>25:, A =5A:>;L:8<8 >@C48O<8 8 ?@>4>2>;LAB25==K< >1>7>< >:070;AO =5 ?>43>B>2;5==K< : BO65;K< CA;>28O< 78<=53> ?5@5E>40 G5@57 ?CABK==K5 AB5?8; ?>B5@O2 ?>;>28=C ;N4A:>3> A>AB020 2A;54AB285 <0AA>2KE 701>;520=89, 5@>2A:89, =5 4>94O 4> %82K, 2K=C645= 1K; 25@=CBLAO >1@0B=> 2 @5=1C@3.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=017.htm#p-129 target=_blank>129. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="017.htm#120" name="120"><b>120.</b> =3;8G0=5 8 D@0=FC7K 2K83@0;8 A@065=85 C @CAA:8E ?>4 <i>=:5@<0=><</i> 5 =>O1@O (24 >:BO1@O) 1854 3>40. 5C40G0 @CAA:8E 2>9A: >1JOA=O;0AL @O4>< >H81>: @CAA:>3> :><0=4>20=8O: 22>4>< 2>9A: ?> G0ABO<, ?@5:@0I5=85< 459AB289 >B@O40 >@G0:>20 2 @0730@ A@065=8O 8 >BACBAB285< B25@4>3> @C:>2>4AB20 A> AB>@>=K 3;02=>:><0=4CNI53> :=O7O 5=H8:>20<br> <br> <i>!8?08</i>  =05<=K5 2>9A:0 2 =488, 25@1>202H85AO A A5@548=K XVIII 2. 87 <5AB=KE 68B5;59 D@0=FC7A:8<8, 0=3;89A:8<8 8 ?>@BC30;LA:8<8 :>;>=870B>@0<8. !8?09A:85 2>9A:0 2 0=3;>-8=489A:>9 0@<88 8A?>;L7>20;8AL 0=3;8G0=0<8 4;O ?>:>@5=8O =488 8 4;O C45@60=8O 2;0AB8 2 702>520==KE >1;0ABOE.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=017.htm#p-130 target=_blank>130. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#121" name="121"><b>121.</b>  70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1857 3. AB0BLO >703;02;5=0 «N465B LN8A0». '5@=>2>9 =01@>A>: AB0BL8 A>AB>O; 87 42CE G0AB59, >4=0 87 :>B>@KE 1K;0 =0720=0 0@:A>< «N465B AM@0 6. LN8A0», 0 2B>@0O  «@O<K5 8 :>A25==K5 =0;>38»</a><i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-132 target=_blank>132. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#122" name="122"><b>122.</b> <i>«The Edinburgh Review»</i> («-48=1C@3A:>5 >1>7@5=85»)  0=3;89A:89 ;8B5@0BC@=>-?>;8B8G5A:89 6C@=0;; 2KE>48; A 1802 ?> 1929 3>4; 2 50-E 3>40E ?5G0B0;AO @07 2 3 <5AOF0, 8<5; ;815@0;L=>5 =0?@02;5=85.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-132 target=_blank>132.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#123" name="123"><b>123.</b> <i>$@8B@545@K</i>  AB>@>==8:8 A2>1>4K B>@3>2;8 8 =52<5H0B5;LAB20 3>AC40@AB20 2 M:>=><8G5A:CN 687=L AB@0=K. &5=B@ 038B0F88 D@8B@545@>2 =0E>48;AO 2 0=G5AB5@5, 345 A;>68;0AL B0: =07K205<0O <0=G5AB5@A:0O H:>;0  =0?@02;5=85 2 M:>=><8G5A:>9 <KA;8, >B@0602H55 8=B5@5AK ?@><KH;5==>9 1C@6C0788. > 3;025 42865=8O D@8B@545@>2 AB0;8 420 B5:AB8;L=KE D01@8:0=B0  >145= 8 @09B, >@30=87>202H85 2 1838 3. 83C ?@>B82 E;51=KE 70:>=>2.  40 50-E 3>40E D@8B@545@K A>AB02;O;8 >A>1CN ?>;8B8G5A:CN 3@C??8@>2:C, 2>H54HCN 2?>A;54AB288 2 0=3;89A:CN ;815@0;L=CN ?0@B8N.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-133 target=_blank>133. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#124" name="124"><b>124.</b>  5GL 845B > 70:;NG5=88 <8@0 2 <0@B5 1856 3. ?>A;5 >:>=G0=8O @K<A:>9 2>9=K.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-134 target=_blank>134. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#125" name="125"><b>125.</b> <i>>0;8F8>==K9 :018=5B</i>  B0: =07K20;>AL <8=8AB5@AB2> 15@48=0 (1852 1855), 2 :>B>@>5 2>H;8 ?@54AB028B5;8 283>2, ?8;8B>2 8 @048:0;>2, 70 GB> >=> ?>;CG8;> B0:65 8@>=8G5A:>5 =0720=85 «:018=5B0 2A5E B0;0=B>2».</a><i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-135 target=_blank>135. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#126" name="126"><b>126.</b> <i>8;8BK</i>  3@C??0 C<5@5==KE B>@8, >1J548=82H8EAO 2 40-E 3>40E XIX 2. 2>:@C3  . 8;O 8 ?>445@68202H8E 53> ?>;8B8:C CABC?>: B>@3>2>-?@><KH;5==>9 1C@6C0788 2 M:>=><8G5A:>9 >1;0AB8 ?@8 A>E@0=5=88 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> 3>A?>4AB20 :@C?=KE 75<;52;045;LF52 8 D8=0=A8AB>2.  1846 3. 8;L 2 8=B5@5A0E ?@><KH;5==>9 1C@6C0788 ?@>25; >B<5=C E;51=KE 70:>=>2, GB> 2K720;> @57:>5 =54>2>;LAB2> B>@8-?@>B5:F8>=8AB>2, ?@825;> : @0A:>;C ?0@B88 B>@8 8 >1>A>1;5=8N 3@C??K ?8;8B>2. !> 2@5<5=8 A<5@B8 8;O 2 1850 3. ?8;8BK O2;O;8AL ?>;8B8G5A:>9 3@C??8@>2:>9, =5 8<52H59 >?@545;5==>9 ?@>3@0<<K. =8 CG0AB2>20;8 2 :>0;8F8>==>< <8=8AB5@AB25 15@48=0 (1852  1855); 2 :>=F5 50-E  =0G0;5 60-E 3>4>2 2>H;8 2 A>AB02 ;815@0;L=>9 ?0@B88<br> <br>  D52@0;5 1852 3. ?8;8BK ?>445@60;8 ?>?@02:C 0;L<5@AB>=0 : ?@028B5;LAB25==><C 18;;N > <8;8F88 8 B5< A0<K< A?>A>1AB2>20;8 ?@>20;C ?@028B5;LAB20 ;>@40  0AA5;0.  45:01@5 B>3> 65 3>40 >=8 ?@825;8 : >BAB02:5 ?@028B5;LAB20 5@18, 2KABC?82 ?@>B82 ?@54;>65==>3> 8< 1N465B0.  D52@0;5 1855 3., ?>A;5 B>3> :0: ?>?@02:0 @048:0;0  >10:0 > A>740=88 :><8AA88 ?> @0AA;54>20=8N CA;>289 687=8 0@<88 ?>4 !520AB>?>;5< ?@825;0 : ?045=8N <8=8AB5@AB20 15@48=0, ?8;8BK A>459AB2>20;8 ?@8E>4C : 2;0AB8 0;L<5@AB>=0, 402 A>3;0A85 2>9B8 2 A>AB02 53> :018=5B0. 4=0:> :>340 2>60:8 ?8;8B>2  ;04AB>=, !84=8 5@15@B 8 65<A @5E5<,  AB02H85 G;5=0<8 MB>3> :018=5B0, ?>40;8 A?CABO =5:>B>@>5 2@5<O 2 >BAB02:C, =54>2>;L=K5 B5<, GB> 0;L<5@AB>= =5 AC<5; ?><5H0BL A>740=8N :><8AA88  >10:0, 0;L<5@AB>= =5<54;5==> 70<5=8; 8E ?@54AB028B5;O<8 283>2.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-137 target=_blank>137. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#127" name="127"><b>127.</b> <i> 01>B=K5 4><0</i> 1K;8 22545=K 2 =3;88 2 XVII 25:5; ?> =>2><C «70:>=C > 154=KE», ?@8=OB><C 2 1834 3., @01>B=K5 4><0 ?@52@0I0;8AL 2 548=AB25==CN D>@<C ?><>I8 154=K<; @01>B=K5 4><0 >B;8G0;8AL BN@5<=>-:0B>@6=K< @568<>< 8 1K;8 ?@>720=K 2 =0@>45 «10AB8;8O<8 4;O 154=KE».</a><i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-138 target=_blank>138. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#128" name="128"><b>128.</b> <i>0=B>=A:8< ?>1>8I5<</i> 0@:A =07K205B 1><10@48@>2:C 0=3;8G0=0<8 0=B>=0 2 >:BO1@5 1856 3. </a>(A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href=#100 target=_blank><b>100</b></a>).<i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-140 target=_blank>140. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#129" name="129"><b>129.</b> <i>«The Friend of China»</i>  A>:@0I5==>5 =0720=85 0=3;89A:>9 >D8F80;L=>9 3075BK «The Overland Friend of China» («@C3 8B0O =0 <0B5@8:5»), 2KE>482H59 2 8:B>@88 (>=:>=3) A 1842 ?> 1859 3>4.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-142 target=_blank>142. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#130" name="130"><b>130.</b> <i>«081>;LH0O ?>;L70 4;O =081>;LH53> G8A;0 ;N459»</i> 8;8 «=081>;LH55 AG0ABL5 4;O =081>;LH53> G8A;0 ;N459»  >A=>2=>5 ?>;>65=85 CG5=8O 0=3;89A:>3> 1C@6C07=>3> A>F8>;>30, B5>@5B8:0 CB8;8B0@87<0 5=B0<0, 2KA:070==>5 8< 2 @O45 @01>B. C@6C07=> >3@0=8G5==0O 8=48284C0;8AB8G5A:0O MB8:0 CB8;8B0@87<0, CG5=8O, ?@87=0NI53> «?>;L7C» 8;8 «2K3>4C» 548=AB25==>9 >A=>2>9 =@02AB25==>AB8, AB0@05BAO 4>:070BL 2>7<>6=>ABL 2A5>1I53> «AG0ABLO» 8 «30@<>=88» 2 @0748@05<>< ?@>B82>@5G8O<8 :;0AA>2>< :0?8B0;8AB8G5A:>< >1I5AB25.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-142 target=_blank>142. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#131" name="131"><b>131.</b> <i>1I5AB2> <8@0</i>  1C@6C07=>-?0F8D8ABA:0O >@30=870F8O, >A=>20==0O 2 1816 3. 2 >=4>=5 @5;838>7=>9 A5:B>9 :20:5@>2. 1I5AB2> ?>;CG8;> 0:B82=CN ?>445@6:C A> AB>@>=K D@8B@545@>2, ?>;0302H8E, GB> 2 <8@=KE CA;>28OE =3;8O AC<55B A ?><>ILN A2>1>4=>9 B>@3>2;8 ?>;=55 8A?>;L7>20BL A2>5 ?@><KH;5==>5 ?@52>AE>4AB2> 8 4>18BLAO M:>=><8G5A:>3> 8 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> 3>A?>4AB20.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-142 target=_blank>142. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="018.htm#132" name="132"><b>132.</b> <55BAO 2 284C 2B>@0O 8718@0B5;L=0O @5D>@<0 2 =3;88, ?0@;0<5=BA:0O 1>@L10 70 :>B>@CN =0G0;0AL 2 50-E 3>40E XIX 25:0.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=018.htm#p-144 target=_blank>144. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="019.htm#133" name="133"><b>133.</b> 0@:A 8<55B 2 284C 42C:@0B=K9 =5C40G=K9 HBC@< 0=3;8G0=0<8 3-3> 10AB8>=0 A520AB>?>;LA:8E C:@5?;5=89 8;8 B0: =07K205<>3> >;LH>3>  540=0 18 (6) 8N=O 8 8 A5=BO1@O (27 023CAB0) 1855 3>40. 0@:A =0<5:05B =0 B>B D0:B, GB> 2 4=8 HBC@<0  540=0 0=3;89A:85 2>9A:0, =5 4>25@OO A2>5<C 3;02=><C :><0=4>20=8N 8 AB@0H0AL @CAA:>3> :0@B5G=>3> >3=O, 2 @O45 A;CG052 ;81> >B:07K20;8AL 84B8 2 0B0:C, ;81> 1560;8 A ?>;O A@065=8O<br> <br>  =>O1@5 1855 3. 0=3;8G0=5, ?@8=8<02H85 CG0AB85 2 C:@5?;5=88 BC@5F:>9 :@5?>AB8 <i>0@A</i> 8 @C:>2>482H85 55 >1>@>=>9, ?>A;5 4;8B5;L=>9 >A04K :@5?>AB8 A40;8 55 @CAA:8< 2>9A:0< ?>4 :><0=4>20=85< 35=5@0;0 C@02L520.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=019.htm#p-147 target=_blank>147.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="019.htm#134" name="134"><b>134.</b> 0@:A 8<55B 2 284C :>=D;8:B, 2>7=8:H89 <564C =3;859 8 !( 2 :>=F5 1855 3. =0 ?>G25 A>?5@=8G5AB20 2 &5=B@0;L=>9 <5@8:5. 4=8< 87 ?>2>4>2 : :>=D;8:BC O28;0AL ?>?KB:0 =3;88 25@1>20BL 2 !(, :>B>@K5 70=8<0;8 =59B@0;L=CN ?>78F8N 2 @K<A:>9 2>9=5, 2>;>=B5@>2 4;O A2>59 0@<88. B=>H5=8O <564C AB@0=0<8 >1>AB@8;8AL 5I5 @0=LH5 2 A2O78 A @07=>3;0A8O<8 2 B>;:>20=88 ;59B>=-C;25@A:>3> 4>3>2>@0, 70:;NG5==>3> <564C =3;859 8 !( 2 1850 3. >1 CA;>28OE :>=B@>;O =04 :0=0;><, :>B>@K9 ?@54?>;030;>AL ?@>;>68BL =0 B5@@8B>@88 8:0@03C0 <564C "8E8< 8 B;0=B8G5A:8< >:50=0<8.  1855 3. ?@028B5;LAB2> !(, ?KB0OAL ?@>B82>459AB2>20BL ?>?KB:0< =3;88 C:@5?8BLAO =0 >A:8B>2>< 15@53C &5=B@0;L=>9 <5@8:8, ?>445@60;> 0<5@8:0=A:>3> 020=BN@8AB0 #8;LO<0 #>:5@0, 70E20B82H53> 2 <05 1855 3. 8:0@03C0 8 ?@>2>73;0A82H53> A51O ?@57845=B>< MB>9 @5A?C1;8:8.  >B25B =0 @5H8B5;L=K9 ?@>B5AB A> AB>@>=K =3;88, !( ?@83@>78;8 59 @07@K2>< 48?;><0B8G5A:8E >B=>H5=89. >=D;8:B, >4=0:>, 1K; C;065= 2 >:BO1@5 1856 3. B5<, GB>. ?@028B5;LAB2> !( >AC48;> 704=8< G8A;>< 020=BN@C #>:5@0, 0 ?@028B5;LAB2> =3;88, CG8BK20O B5A=K5 M:>=><8G5A:85 A2O78 0=3;89A:>9 1C@6C0788A !(, >B:070;>AL >B A2>8E ?@8BO70=89 =0 B5@@8B>@8N =0 >A:8B>2>< 15@53C<br> <br> <i>50?>;8B0=A:0O M:A?548F8O</i></a>  A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href=refs-050.htm#068 target=_blank><b>68</b></a><br> <br> <a href="019.htm#134"><i>>:07=K5 AA>@K A >=0?0@B><</i>  B0: 0@:A =07K205B @07=>3;0A8O, 2>7=8:H85 <564C =3;859 8 $@0=F859 ?>A;5 0@86A:>3> :>=3@5AA0 1856 3. ?> @O4C <564C=0@>4=KE 2>?@>A>2. 4=>9 87 ?@8G8= CEC4H5=8O 0=3;>-D@0=FC7A:8E >B=>H5=89 1K;> =0<5B82H55AO 2 MB>B ?5@8>4 A1;865=85$@0=F88 A  >AA859. 4=0:> 0=3;>-D@0=FC7A:85 @07=>3;0A8O =5 =>A8;8 A5@L57=>3> E0@0:B5@0 8 =5 <>3;8 ?>2;5GL 70 A>1>9 :0:8E-;81> A5@L57=KE ?>A;54AB289, ?>A:>;L:C 0=3;89A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> 1K;> 70=OB> ?>402;5=85< 2A?KE=C2H53> 2 1857 3. =0F8>=0;L=>->A2>1>48B5;L=>3> 2>AAB0=8O 2 =488<br> <br> <i>B>@65=85 2 5@A8N</i></a>  A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href=refs-050.htm#074 target=_blank><b>74</b></a><br> <br> <a href="019.htm#134"><i> 57=O 2 8B05</i>  B0: 0@:A =07K205B 725@A:CN 1><10@48@>2:C 0=3;8G0=0<8 0=B>=0 2 >:BO1@5 1856 3.</a> (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href=#100 target=_blank><b>100</b></a>).<i>  AB@. <a href=019.htm#p-147 target=_blank>147.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="019.htm#135" name="135"><b>135.</b> <a href="019.htm#134"><i>;4-59;8</i>  =0720=85 F8B045;8 LN359BA:>9 BN@L<K 2 >=4>=5, 345 ?><5I05BAO &5=B@0;L=K9 C3>;>2=K9 AC4.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=019.htm#p-147 target=_blank>147.</a></i></a></p> <p class=Pl><a href="019.htm#136" name="136"><b>136.</b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«>;>40O B0;8O» 8 ?>445@6820;8 A2O7L A 0478=8, =0E>482H8<AO 2 M<83@0F88 2 =3;88.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=019.htm#p-149 target=_blank>149.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="019.htm#137" name="137"><b>137.</b>  70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1857 3. AB0BLO >703;02;5=0 «0;L<5@AB>= 8 2A5>1I85 2K1>@K».</a><i>  AB@. <a href=019.htm#p-152 target=_blank>152.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="019.htm#138" name="138"><b>138.</b> <i>«>A:@5H0B5;8»</i>  B0: =07K20;8 2 =3;88 ;N459, :>B>@K5 B09=> 2K:0?K20;8 B@C?K C<5@H8E 8 ?@>4020;8 8E 2 0=0B><8G5A:85 B50B@K.  20-E 3>40E XIX 2., :>340 MB0 ?@0:B8:0 ?@8=O;0 >A>15==> 1>;LH>9 @07<0E, H8@>:CN 8725AB=>ABL ?>;CG8;> 45;> 68B5;O 3>@>40 -48=1C@30 #8;LO<0 Q@:0, :>B>@K9 ?@84C<0; A?>A>1 C4CH0BL 4;O MB>9 F5;8 ;N459 157 2848<KE A;54>2 ?@5ABC?;5=8O.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=019.htm#p-152 target=_blank>152.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="019.htm#139" name="139"><b>139.</b> <i>0C=8=3-AB@8B</i>  C;8F0 2 F5=B@5 >=4>=0, =0 :>B>@>9 @0A?>;>65=0 >D8F80;L=0O @57845=F8O 0=3;89A:>3> ?@5<L5@-<8=8AB@0 8 =5:>B>@KE 4@C38E <8=8AB@>2; A8=>=8< 0=3;89A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=019.htm#p-153 target=_blank>153.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="019.htm#140" name="140"><b>140.</b> <i>«Punch»</i>  A>:@0I5==>5 =0720=85 0=3;89A:>3> 565=545;L=>3> N<>@8AB8G5A:>3> 6C@=0;0 1C@6C07=>-;815@0;L=>3> =0?@02;5=8O «Punch, or the London Charivari» («5B@CH:0, 8;8 >=4>=A:>5 H0@820@8»); 2KE>48B 2 >=4>=5 A 1841 3>40<br> <br> <i>5;8:89 >DB0</i>  2K4C<0==>5 8725AB=K< 2 XVIII 2. H0@;0B0=>< 3@0D>< 0;8>AB@> (6C75??5 0;L70<>) 8<O 538?5BA:>3> 6@5F0, O:>1K 3;02K =5:>9 <0A>=A:>9 «538?5BA:>9 ;>68», 70 A>740B5;O 8 45OB5;O :>B>@>9 0;8>AB@> A51O 2K4020;. 0;8>AB@> C25@O;, 1C4B> 2> 2@5<O A2>8E ?CB5H5AB289 ?> 38?BC >= ?@>=8: 2 B09=K 538?5BA:>9 <C4@>AB8 8 2 A2>59 45OB5;L=>AB8 @C:>2>4AB2>20;AO 2>?;>I5==K< 2 =5< 4CE>< 2A5<>3CI53> 8 2A5254CI53> 5;8:>3> >DBK.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=019.htm#p-154 target=_blank>154.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="019.htm#141" name="141"><b>141.</b> <i>!8=85 :=838</i> (Blue Books)  >1I55 =0720=85 ?C1;8:0F89 <0B5@80;>2 0=3;89A:>3> ?0@;0<5=B0, 0 B0:65 4>:C<5=B>2 <8=8AB5@AB20 8=>AB@0==KE 45;. !8=85 :=838, ?>;CG82H85 A2>5 =0720=85 87-70 A8=59 >1;>6:8, 8740NBAO 2 =3;88 A XVII 2. 8 O2;ONBAO >A=>2=K< >D8F80;L=K< 8AB>G=8:>< M:>=><8G5A:>9 8 48?;><0B8G5A:>9 8AB>@88 MB>9 AB@0=K. 45AL 8<55BAO 2 284C !8=OO :=830, >703;02;5==0O «Correspondence respecting Insults in China. Presented to the House of Commons by Command of Her Majesty, 1857». [London] 1857 («5@5?8A:0, :0A0NI0OAO >A:>@1;5=89 2 8B05. @54AB02;5=0 ?0;0B5 >1I8= ?> ?@8:07C 55 25;8G5AB20 2 1857 3>4C». [>=4>=] 1857).</a><i>  AB@. <a href=019.htm#p-154 target=_blank>154.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="019.htm#142" name="142"><b>142.</b> 4 =>O1@O 1851 3. C8 >=0?0@B >1@0B8;AO : 0F8>=0;L=><C A>1@0=8N A ?>A;0=85<, A>45@60I8< 45<03>38G5A:>5 B@51>20=85 2>AAB0=>28BL 2 AB@0=5 2A5>1I55 8718@0B5;L=>5 ?@02>. >A;5 B>3> :0: 0F8>=0;L=>5 A>1@0=85 >B25@3;> 70:>=>?@>5:B, 2=5A5==K9 ?> MB><C ?>2>4C 1>=0?0@B8ABA:8< <8=8AB5@AB2><, C8 >=0?0@B A>25@H8; 2 45:01@O 1851 3. 3>AC40@AB25==K9 ?5@52>@>B.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=019.htm#p-156 target=_blank>156.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="019.htm#143" name="143"><b>143.</b>  1817 3. B>@89A:>5 <8=8AB5@AB2> 825@?C;O (2 :>B>@>< 0A;@8 1K; <8=8AB@>< 8=>AB@0==KE 45;, !84<CB  <8=8AB@>< 2=CB@5==8E 45; 8 0;L<5@AB>=  A5:@5B0@5< ?> 2>5==K< 45;0< (2=5 :018=5B0), 25402H8< 2>5==K<8 D8=0=A0<8) A F5;LN ?@5A5G5=8O <0AA>2>3> 45<>:@0B8G5A:>3> 42865=8O 70 8718@0B5;L=CN @5D>@<C 8 ?@>B82 E;51=KE 70:>=>2, ?@8>AB0=>28;> 459AB285 Habeas Corpus Act 8 ?>A?5H=> ?@>25;> B0: =07K205<K9 «0:B > 70BK:0=88 @B0» (Gagging act), ?> :>B>@><C 1K;> >3@0=8G5=> ?@02> A>1@0=89, 70:@KBK :;C1K @048:0;>2, 0 G;5=0< <038AB@0B0 ?@54>AB02;5=> ?@02> 70?@5I0BL 8740=85 8 @0A?@>AB@0=5=85 1@>HN@ @048:0;L=>3> =0?@02;5=8O<br> <br> <i>Habeas Corpus Act</i> 1K; ?@8=OB 0=3;89A:8< ?0@;0<5=B>< 2 1679 3>4C. > MB><C 0:BC :064K9 ?@8:07 >1 0@5AB5 4>;65= 1KBL <>B828@>20=, 8 0@5AB>20==K9 ;81> 4>;65= 2 :>@>B:89 A@>: (>B 3 4> 20 4=59) ?@54AB0BL ?5@54 AC4><, ;81> 1KBL >A2>1>645==K<. 59AB285 Habeas Corpus Act =5 @0A?@>AB@0=O5BAO =0 45;0 ?> >128=5=8N 2 3>AC40@AB25==>9 87<5=5 8 <>65B 1KBL ?@8>AB0=>2;5=> @5H5=85< ?0@;0<5=B0<br> <br> <i>>9=59 =0@>40 2 0=G5AB5@5</i> 0@:A =07K205B :@>202CN @0A?@02C, CG8=5==CN 16 023CAB0 1819 3. 0=3;89A:8<8 2>9A:0<8 =04 157>@C6=K<8 CG0AB=8:0<8 <0AA>2>3> <8B8=30 70 8718@0B5;L=CN @5D>@<C 8 ?@>B82 E;51=KE 70:>=>2, A>AB>O2H53>AO =0 @02=8=5 !5=B-8B5@ (!5=B-8B5@AD8;4) 1;87 0=G5AB5@0. > 0=0;>388 A 18B2>9 ?>4 0B5@;>> A>2@5<5==8:8 =0720;8 MB> A>1KB85 1>9=59 ?>4 8B5@;>><br> <br> <i>%;51=K5 70:>=K</i> 2 =3;88, 22545==K5 2 1815 3., CAB0=>28;8 2KA>:85 22>7=K5 ?>H;8=K =0 E;51 8 70?@5B8;8 22>7 E;510, 5A;8 F5=0 70 :20@B5@ 75@=0 AB>O;0 2 AB@0=5 =865 80 H8;;8=3>2. '@572KG09=> BO65;> >B@060OAL =0 ?>;>65=88 154=59H8E A;>52 =0A5;5=8O, E;51=K5 70:>=K 1K;8 =52K3>4=K 8 4;O ?@><KH;5==>9 1C@6C0788, B0: :0: C4>@>60;8 @01>GCN A8;C, A>:@0I0;8 5<:>ABL 2=CB@5==53> @K=:0 8 <5H0;8 @0728B8N 2=5H=59 B>@3>2;8. K;8 >B<5=5=K 2 1846 3.  @57C;LB0B5 4;8B5;L=>9 1>@L1K <564C :@C?=K<8 75<;52;045;LF0<8 8 1C@6C07859.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=019.htm#p-156 target=_blank>156.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="020.htm#144" name="144"><b>144.</b>  5GL 845B > B09?8=A:>< 2>AAB0=88</a> (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href=refs-050.htm#072 target=_blank><b>72</b></a>).<i>  AB@. <a href=020.htm#p-158 target=_blank>158.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="020.htm#145" name="145"><b>145.</b> 0@:A 8<55B 2 284C 45<03>38G5A:85 <0=52@K C8 >=0?0@B0 2 ?5@8>4 ?>43>B>2:8 8 ?@>2545=8O 3>AC40@AB25==>3> ?5@52>@>B0 1851 3. (A<. . 0@:A. «>A5<=04F0B>5 1@N<5@0 C8 >=0?0@B0», 3;02K VI 8 VII, =0AB>OI55 8740=85, B. 8).</a><i>  AB@. <a href=020.htm#p-161 target=_blank>161.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="020.htm#146" name="146"><b>146.</b> <55BAO 2 284C @5D>@<0 8718@0B5;L=>3> ?@020, ?@>2545==0O 0=3;89A:8< ?0@;0<5=B><, 2 8N=5 1832 3>40.  5D>@<0 1K;0 =0?@02;5=0 ?@>B82 ?>;8B8G5A:>9 <>=>?>;88 75<5;L=>9 8 D8=0=A>2>9 0@8AB>:@0B88 8 >B:@K;0 4>ABC? 2 ?0@;0<5=B ?@54AB028B5;O< ?@><KH;5==>9 1C@6C0788. @>;5B0@80B 8 <5;:0O 1C@6C078O, :>B>@K5 O2;O;8AL 3;02=>9 A8;>9 2 1>@L15 70 @5D>@<C, 1K;8 >1<0=CBK ;815@0;L=>9 1C@6C07859 8 =5 ?>;CG8;8 8718@0B5;L=KE ?@02.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=020.htm#p-162 target=_blank>162.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="020.htm#147" name="147"><b>147.</b> <i>538B8<8ABK</i>  AB>@>==8:8 A25@3=CB>9 2> $@0=F88 2 1792 3. AB0@H59 25B28 48=0AB88 C@1>=>2, ?@54AB02;O2H59 8=B5@5AK :@C?=>3> =0A;54AB25==>3> 75<;52;045=8O.  1830 3., ?>A;5 2B>@8G=>3> A25@65=8O MB>9 48=0AB88, ;538B8<8ABK >1J548=8;8AL 2 ?>;8B8G5A:CN ?0@B8N<br> <br> <i>@;50=8ABK</i>  <>=0@E8G5A:0O ?0@B8O D8=0=A>2>9 0@8AB>:@0B88 8 :@C?=>9 1C@6C0788, AB>@>==8:8 35@F>3>2 @;50=A:8E, <;04H59 25B28 48=0AB88 C@1>=>2, AB>O2H59 C 2;0AB8 A> 2@5<5=8 8N;LA:>9 @52>;NF88 1830 3. 4> @52>;NF88 1848 3>40. > 2@5<O B>@>9 @5A?C1;8:8 (1848 1851) 1;>:8@>20;8AL A ;538B8<8AB0<8 8 A>AB02;O;8 B0: =07K205<CN ?0@B8N ?>@O4:0.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=020.htm#p-162 target=_blank>162.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="020.htm#148" name="148"><b>148.</b> 0@:A F8B8@C5B AB0BLN 87 ;>=4>=A:>9 3075BK «The Morning Advertiser».</a><i>  AB@. <a href=020.htm#p-163 target=_blank>163.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="020.htm#149" name="149"><b>149.</b> 0<5: =0 <8D >1 =B55.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=020.htm#p-163 target=_blank>163.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="020.htm#150" name="150"><b>150.</b>  5GL 845B >1 CG0AB88  0AA5;0 =0 A>25I0=8OE ?@54AB028B5;59  >AA88, 2AB@88, $@0=F88, 5;8:>1@8B0=88 8 "C@F88, A>720==KE 2 5=5 ?> 8=8F80B825 2AB@88 2 45:01@5 1854 3>40.  <0@B5 1855 3. MB8 A>25I0=8O 1K;8 ?@52@0I5=K 2 :>=D5@5=F8N, 4;82HCNAO 4> 8N=O 1855 3>40. &5;LN 5=A:>9 :>=D5@5=F88 1K;0 2K@01>B:0 A>3;0H5=8O, =0 >A=>25 :>B>@>3> ?@54?>;030;>AL =0G0BL ?5@53>2>@K > <8@5 <564C CG0AB=8:0<8 @K<A:>9 2>9=K. >=4>=A:89 :018=5B =5 >4>1@8; =0<5@5=8O  0AA5;0 ?>1C48BL 2AB@8N ?@840BL D>@<C C;LB8<0BC<0 55 ?@54;>65=8N >1 >3@0=8G5=88 <>@A:8E A8;  >AA88 =0 '5@=>< <>@5.  >AA8O >B:070;0AL ?@8=OBL MB> B@51>20=85 70?04=KE 45@602, 2 A2O78 A G5< ?5@53>2>@K ?>B5@?5;8 =5C40GC.  @57C;LB0B5  0AA5; 2K=C645= 1K; C9B8 2 >BAB02:C; B5< A0<K< 0;L<5@AB>= >ACI5AB28; A2>N B09=CN F5;L  ?>4>@20BL ?@5AB86 A2>53> A>?5@=8:0.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=020.htm#p-163 target=_blank>163.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="020.htm#151" name="151"><b>151.</b> <i>:B > ?@8AO35</i> (Test Act) 1673 3. B@51>20; >B ;8F, 70=8<0NI8E 3>AC40@AB25==K5 4>;6=>AB8, ?@87=0=8O 4>3<0B>2 0=3;8:0=A:>9 F5@:28. B<5=5= 2 1828 3>4C<br> <br> <i>:B > :>@?>@0F8OE</i> (Corporation Act), ?@8=OBK9 2 1661 3., B@51>20; >B ;8F, 70=8<02H8E 2K1>@=K5 4>;6=>AB8 (8<5;8AL 2 284C, 3;02=K< >1@07><, >@30=K 3>@>4A:>3> A0<>C?@02;5=8O), ?@87=0=8O 4>3<0B>2 0=3;8:0=A:>9 F5@:28. B<5=5= 2 1828 3>4C<br> <br> <i>8;;L > ?0@;0<5=BA:>9 @5D>@<5</i></a>  A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href=#146 target=_blank><b>146</b></a>)<br> <br> <a href="020.htm#151"><i>:BK > <C=8F8?0;L=KE 3>@>40E 2 (>B;0=488</i> (1833 3.) 8 <i>> @5D>@<5 <C=8F8?0;L=KE 3>@>4>2 2 =3;88</i> (1835 3.) 22>48;8 2 :@C?=KE 3>@>40E, :@><5 >=4>=0, 548=CN A8AB5<C 3>@>4A:>3> A0<>C?@02;5=8O, >@30=K :>B>@>3> AB0;8 8718@0BLAO 2 (>B;0=488 2;045;LF0<8 4><>2 A 4>E>4>< =5 <5=55 45AOB8 DC=B>2 2 3>4, 0 2 =3;88  2A5<8 =0;>3>?;0B5;LI8:0<8. ;03>40@O MB8<0:B0< 283A:0O 1C@6C078O ?>;CG8;0 2;0ABL 2 1>;LH8=AB25 :@C?=KE 3>@>4>2<br> <br> <i>&5@:>2=0O 45AOB8=0</i>, :>B>@CN :>@5==>5 :0B>;8G5A:>5 =0A5;5=85 @;0=488, =0G8=0O A XVI 2., 2K=C645=> 1K;> ?;0B8BL 0=3;8:0=A:>9 3>AC40@AB25==>9 F5@:28, 1K;0 >B<5=5=0 ?>4 =0?>@>< <0AA>2>3> 42865=8O 0:B>< 1838 3>40. 4=0:> MB0 «>B<5=0» :>A=C;0AL B>;L:> D>@<K 55 278<0=8O: 2<5AB> C?;0BK =0BC@>9 F5@:>2L ?@>4>;60;0 ?>;CG0BL A2>8 4>E>4K 2 2845 >A>1>9 45=56=>9 @5=BK, 70 AG5B C25;8G5=8O 0@5=4=>9 ?;0BK 8@;0=4A:8E :@5ABLO=<br> <br> <i>8AA845=BK</i> 8;8 48AA5=B5@K  ?@54AB028B5;8 @5;838>7=KE A5:B 8 B5G5=89 2 =3;88, >BABC?0NI8E 2 B>9 8;8 8=>9 <5@5 >B 4>3<0B>2 >D8F80;L=>9 0=3;8:0=A:>9 F5@:28. 8;;L > 48AA5=B5@0E, @07@5H0NI89 8< A>25@H5=85 1@0G=>3> >1@O40 2 8E A>1AB25==KE F5@:20E, 1K; 2=5A5=  0AA5;>< 2 ?0;0BC >1I8= 2 1834 3>4C.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=020.htm#p-164 target=_blank>164.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="020.htm#152" name="152"><b>152.</b> <i>(B5<?5;L=K9 A1>@</i> (stamp duty) 8 <i>=0;>3 =0 >1JO2;5=8O</i> (advertisement duty)  420 2840 =0;>3>2>3> >1;>65=8O =0 3075BK 2 =3;88, 22545==>3> 2 1712 3. A F5;LN C25;8G5=8O 3>AC40@AB25==KE 4>E>4>2 8 1>@L1K A >??>78F8>==>9 ?5G0BLN. (B5<?5;L=K9 A1>@ 8 =0;>3 =0 >1JO2;5=8O G@572KG09=> C4>@>60;8 AB>8<>ABL 3075B, >3@0=8G820;8 8E @0A?@>AB@0=5=85 8 45;0;8 8E =54>ABC?=K<8 4;O H8@>:8E <0AA. #25;8G820OAL A B5G5=85< 2@5<5=8, >=8 AB0;8 >A=>20B5;L=>9 ?><5E>9 4;O @072820NI59AO ?@><KH;5==>9 1C@6C0788, ?>4 402;5=85< :>B>@>9 ?0@;0<5=B 2K=C645= 1K; A=878BL 2 1836 3. HB5<?5;L=K9 A1>@, 0 2 1855 3. >B<5=8BL 53>. 0;>3 =0 >1JO2;5=8O 1K; >B<5=5= 2 1853 3>4C. ;O =5<=>3>G8A;5==>9 4>@>3>AB>OI59 ?@5AAK >B<5=0 MB8E =0;>3>2 1K;0 =52K3>4=0, B0: :0: >=0 2K720;0 ?>O2;5=85 1>;LH>3> :>;8G5AB20 45H52KE 3075B, A>AB0282H8E :>=:C@5=F8N AB0@K< 3075B0< 8 A>:@0B82H8E 8E 4>E>4K.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=020.htm#p-165 target=_blank>165.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="020.htm#153" name="153"><b>153.</b> <i>830 ?@>B82 E;51=KE 70:>=>2</i> 1K;0 >A=>20=0 2 1838 3. <0=G5AB5@A:8<8 D01@8:0=B0<8 >145=>< 8 @09B><. KAB02;OO B@51>20=85 ?>;=>9 A2>1>4K B>@3>2;8, 830 4>1820;0AL >B<5=K E;51=KE 70:>=>2</a> (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href=#143 target=_blank><b>143</b></a>) <a href="020.htm#153">A F5;LN A=865=8O 70@01>B=>9 ?;0BK @01>G8E 8 >A;01;5=8O M:>=><8G5A:8E 8 ?>;8B8G5A:8E ?>78F89 75<5;L=>9 0@8AB>:@0B88.  A2>59 1>@L15 ?@>B82 75<;52;045;LF52 830 ?KB0;0AL 8A?>;L7>20BL @01>G85 <0AAK, >4=0:> 8<5==> : MB><C 2@5<5=8 ?5@54>2K5 @01>G85 =3;88 2AB0;8 =0 ?CBL A0<>AB>OB5;L=>3> ?>;8B8G5A:8 >D>@<;5==>3> @01>G53> 42865=8O (G0@B87<). >@L10 <564C ?@><KH;5==>9 1C@6C07859 8 75<5;L=>9 0@8AB>:@0B859 87-70 E;51=KE 70:>=>2 70:>=G8;0AL ?@8=OB85< 2 1846 3. 18;;O >1 8E >B<5=5.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=020.htm#p-165 target=_blank>165.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#154" name="154"><b>154.</b> 0;55 A;54C5B 0170F, 4>102;5==K9 @540:F859 «New-York Daily Tribune»: « 048 ?>445@60=8O E@8AB80=A:8E 8 B>@3>2KE A=>H5=89 A 8B05< 2 2KAH59 AB5?5=8 65;0B5;L=>, GB>1K <K 45@60;8AL 2 AB>@>=5 >B MB>3> :>=D;8:B0 8 GB>1K :8B09FK =5 ?@8H;8 : 70:;NG5=8N, 1C4B> 2A5 =0F88 70?04=>3> <8@0 >1J548=8;8AL ?@>B82 =8E 2 B09=>< 703>2>@5».</a><i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-170 target=_blank>170.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#155" name="155"><b>155.</b> <em>«Pester Lloyd»</em> («5HBA:89 ;>94»)  25=35@A:0O 3075B0 ;815@0;L=>3> =0?@02;5=8O, ?>;C>D8F80;L=K9 >@30= 25=35@A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20; 2KE>48;0 2 C40?5HB5 420 @070 2 45=L =0 =5<5F:>< O7K:5 A 1853 ?> 1944 3>4.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-171 target=_blank>171.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#156" name="156"><b>156.</b> <i>«The Morning Post»</i> («#B@5==OO ?>GB0»)  0=3;89A:0O 5654=52=0O :>=A5@20B82=0O 3075B0; 2KE>48;0 2 >=4>=5 2 1772 1937 3>40E.  A5@548=5 XIX 2. 1K;0 >@30=>< ?@02KE M;5<5=B>2 ?0@B88 283>2, 3@C??8@>202H8EAO 2>:@C3 0;L<5@AB>=0.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-173 target=_blank>173.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#157" name="157"><b>157.</b> @8 >A25I5=88 2>?@>A0 >1 8AE>45 2K1>@>2 2 0=G5AB5@5 0@:A 8A?>;L7>20; ?8AL<0 -=35;LA0 >B 11, 20 8 >A>15==> >B 31 <0@B0 1857 3>40.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-173 target=_blank>173.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#158" name="158"><b>158.</b> 0 <8B8=35 8718@0B5;59 2 0=G5AB5@5 18 <0@B0 1857 3. >145=, >BAB0820O 8=B5@5AK ?@><KH;5==>9 1C@6C0788, ?>425@3 @57:>9 :@8B8:5 2=CB@5==NN 8 2=5H=NN ?>;8B8:C ?@028B5;LAB20 0;L<5@AB>=0, 2 G0AB=>AB8, 53> 03@5AA82=CN ?>;8B8:C 2 >B=>H5=88 8B0O 8 5@A88. @8 MB>< >145= 40; >B@8F0B5;L=CN E0@0:B5@8AB8:C >1C >C 8 4@C38< :0=4840B0< 2 ?0@;0<5=B, ?>;L7>202H8<AO ?>445@6:>9 A> AB>@>=K?@028B5;LAB20.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-174 target=_blank>174.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#159" name="159"><b>159.</b> 0@:A =0<5:05B =0 10A=N -7>?0 « 2>@>=5 8 ;8A8F5».</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-174 target=_blank>174.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#160" name="160"><b>160.</b> <em>!M@ 6>= $0;LAB0D</em>  ?5@A>=06 ?@>872545=89 . (5:A?8@0 «5A5;K5 28=47>@A:85 :C<CH:8» 8 «>@>;L 5=@8E IV»; B8? E20ABC=0, >16>@K, ?LO=8FK 8 @0A?CB=8:0.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-175 target=_blank>175.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#161" name="161"><b>161.</b> <em>0@;0<5=BA:85 :@5AB=K5 >BFK 45H52>9 ?@5AAK</em>  B0: 0@:A =07K205B <0=G5AB5@A:8E 1C@6C07=KE @048:0;>2 (2 G0AB=>AB8 @09B0), :>B>@K5 2=5 ?0@;0<5=B0 8 2 ?0@;0<5=B5 ?@8=8<0;8 0:B82=>5 CG0AB85 2 038B0F88 70 >B<5=C HB5<?5;L=>3> A1>@0 8 =0;>30 =0 >1JO2;5=8O</a> (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href="refs-200.htm#152" target=_blank><strong>152</strong></a>). <i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-176 target=_blank>176.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#162" name="162"><b>162.</b> <em>«The Manchester Guardian»</em> («0=G5AB5@A:89 AB@06»)  0=3;89A:0O 1C@6C07=0O 3075B0, >@30= AB>@>==8:>2 A2>1>4=>9 B>@3>2;8 (D@8B@545@>2), ?>765 >@30= ;815@0;L=>9 ?0@B88; >A=>20=0 2 0=G5AB5@5 2 1821 3>4C.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-176 target=_blank>176.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#163" name="163"><b>163.</b> @09B, 1C4CG8 ;845@>< 0=3;89A:8E D@8B@545@>2, 2KABC?0; ?@>B82 CG0AB8O =3;88 2 @K<A:>9 2>9=5. $@8B@545@K :0: 1C@6C07=K5 ?0F8D8ABK AG8B0;8, GB>, =5 ?@81530O : 2>9=0<, A ?><>ILN >4=>9 B>;L:> A2>1>4=>9 B>@3>2;8 =3;8O A 1>;LH8< MDD5:B>< A<>65B 8A?>;L7>20BL A2>5 ?@><KH;5==>5 ?@52>AE>4AB2> 4;O 702>520=8O M:>=><8G5A:>3> 8 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> 3>A?>4AB20.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-176 target=_blank>176.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#164" name="164"><b>164.</b> <em>E2>ABL5 >;3>3> ?0@;0<5=B0</em>  ?@825@65=FK A;>682H59AO 2 ?5@8>4 0=3;89A:>9 1C@6C07=>9 @52>;NF88 XVII 2. ?0@B88 8=45?5=45=B>2, AB>@>==8:>2 ?@>B5AB0=BA:>9 F5@:28, >AB02H85AO 2 ?0;0B5 >1I8= ?>A;5 873=0=8O 87 =55 2 :>=F5 1648 3. ?@5A28B5@80=, => =5 8<52H85 ?>GB8 =8:0:>9 @50;L=>9 2;0AB8. 20 0?@5;O 1653 3. @><25;L @07>3=0; >E2>ABL5 >;3>3> ?0@;0<5=B0.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-176 target=_blank>176.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="021.htm#165" name="165"><b>165.</b> <em>AB8==> 1@8B0=A:89 <8=8AB@</em>  B0: ;>@4  0AA5; =0720; =0 70A540=88 ?0;0BK >1I8= 25 8N=O 1850 3. ;>@40 0;L<5@AB>=0, =04<5==>5 2K@065=85 :>B>@>3> «civis romanus sum» («O @8<A:89 3@0640=8=»), C?>B@51;5==>5 8< 2 @5G8 =0 MB>< 65 70A540=88 ?0;0BK, 1K;> 2>AB>@65==> 2AB@5G5=> 0=3;89A:>9 1C@6C07859. 0;L<5@AB>= >?@024K20; 459AB28O 0=3;89A:>3> D;>B0, =0?@02;5==>3> 2 @5F8N A F5;LN 70I8BK 0=3;89A:>3> ?>440==>3>, ?>@BC30;LF0 ?> ?@>8AE>645=8N, :C?F0 4>=0 0A8D8:>, 4>< :>B>@>3> 1K; A>665= 2 D8=0E. 0;L<5@AB>= 70O28;, GB> ?>4>1=> B><C :0: D>@<C;0 @8<A:>3> 3@0640=AB20 «civis romanus sum» >15A?5G820;0 3@0640=0< @52=53>  8<0 ?@5AB86 8 2A5>1I55 C2065=85, B0: 8 0=3;89A:>5 ?>440=AB2> 4>;6=> 1KBL 30@0=B859 A>E@0= =>AB8 8 157>?0A=>AB8 4;O 0=3;89A:8E ?>440==KE, 345 1K >=8 =8 =0E>48;8AL.</a><i>  AB@. <a href=021.htm#p-177 target=_blank>177.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="022.htm#166" name="166"><b>166.</b> -=35;LA 8<55B 2 284C ?5@2CN «>?8C<=CN» 2>9=C 2 8B05 1839 1842 33. </a> (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <strong><a href="refs-200.htm#101" target="_blank">101</a></strong>). <a href="022.htm#166">=3;89A:85 2>5==K5 AC40 ?>O28;8AL 2 0=B>=5 2 A5=BO1@5 1839 3., => 4> 8N=O 1840 3., ?>:0 2 8B09 =5 ?@81K;0 0=3;89A:0O MA:04@0, 2>5==K5 459AB28O =>A8;8 E0@0:B5@ >B45;L=KE <5;:8E ABKG5:.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=022.htm#p-178 target=_blank>178. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="022.htm#167" name="167"><b>167.</b> <55BAO 2 284C 0=:8=A:89 4>3>2>@ 1842 3.</a>  A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <strong><a href="refs-200.htm#101" target="_blank">101</a></strong>). <i>  AB@. <a href="022.htm#p-182" target=_blank>182.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="022.htm#168" name="168"><b>168.</b>  5GL 845B > B09?8=A:>< 2>AAB0=88 2 8B05</a> (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <strong><a href="refs-050.htm#072" target="_blank">72</a></strong>). <a href="022.htm#168">> 3;025 >A=>20==>3> B09?8=0<8 2 1851 3. «515A=>3> 3>AC40@AB20 25;8:>3> 1;03>45=AB28O» («"09?8= BO=L-3>») AB0; 2>64L B09=8=A:>3> 42865=8O %C8 !N-FN0=L, :>B>@K9 1K; ?@>2>73;0H5= B09?8=0<8 8<?5@0B>@>< "O=L-20=>< («=515A=K< :=O75<»).  <0@B5 1853 3., 70E20B82 0=:8=, B09?8=K A45;0;8 53> AB>;8F59 A2>53> 3>AC40@AB20</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=022.htm#p-183 target=_blank>183. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="022.htm#169" name="169"><b>169.</b> <em>«The Press»</em> («@5AA0»)  0=3;89A:89 565=545;L=8:, >@30= B>@8; 874020;AO 2 >=4>=5 A 1853 ?> 1866 3>4</a> <i>  AB@. <a href="022.htm#p-184" target=_blank>184. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="022.htm#170" name="170"><b>170.</b> <em>«The Examiner»</em> («01;N40B5;L»)  0=3;89A:89 565=545;L=8: 1C@6C07=>-;815@0;L=>3> =0?@02;5=8O, 2KE>48; 2 >=4>=5 2 1808  1881 3>40E</a> <i>  AB@. <a href="022.htm#p-184" target=_blank>184. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="022.htm#171" name="171"><b>171.</b> <em>018=5B 2A5E B0;0=B>2</em></a>  A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <strong><a href="refs-200.htm#125" target="_blank">125</a></strong>. <i>  AB@. <a href=022.htm#p-186 target=_blank>186. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="022.htm#172" name="172"><b>172.</b>  5GL 845B > A>1KB8OE @K<A:>9 2>9=K.  0?@5;5 1854 3. 0=3;89A:0O 8 D@0=FC7A:0O MA:04@K 1><10@48@>20;8 45AAC, >4=0:> MB0 >?5@0F8O =>A8;0 1>;LH5 45<>=AB@0B82=K9 E0@0:B5@, 3>@>4 1K; <0;> ?>2@5645=. 0E>482H85AO 2 MB> 2@5<O C 2;0AB8 ?8;8BK ?>425@30;8AL @57:>9 :@8B8:5 A> AB>@>=K ?0@;0<5=BA:>9 >??>78F88 8 =0 AB@0=8F0E 0=3;89A:>9 ?@5AAK 70 =5@5H8B5;L=>ABL 2 2545=88 2>5==KE 459AB289.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href="022.htm#p-187" target=_blank>187. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="022.htm#173" name="173"><b>173.</b> <em>«The Sun»</em> («!>;=F5»)  0=3;89A:0O 5654=52=0O 1C@6C07=>-;815@0;L=0O 3075B0, 2KE>48;0 2 >=4>=5 A 1798 ?> 1876 3>4.<br> <br> <em>«The Morning Advertiser»</em> («#B@5==89 C254><8B5;L»)  0=3;89A:0O 5654=52=0O 3075B0, >A=>20=0 2 >=4>=5 2 1794 3>4C; 2 50-E 3>40E XIX 2. >@30= @048:0;L=>9 1C@6C0788.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href="022.htm#p-187" target=_blank>187. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="022.htm#174" name="174"><b>174.</b>  48?;><0B8G5A:>9 <8AA88  0AA5;0 2 5=5</a>  A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href="refs-200.htm#150" target="_blank"><strong>150</strong>.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href="022.htm#p-187" target=_blank>187.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="023.htm#175" name="175"><b>175.</b> «Reports of the Inspectors of Factories to Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department, for the Half Year ending 31st October 1856». London, 1857 («BG5BK D01@8G=KE 8=A?5:B>@>2 <8=8AB@C 2=CB@5==8E 45; 55 25;8G5AB20 70 ?>;C3>485, 8AB5:H55 31 >:BO1@O 1856 3>40». >=4>=, 1857).</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=023.htm#p-189 target=_blank>189. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="023.htm#176" name="176"><b>176.</b> <em>!C4K A?@0254;82>AB8</em></a>  A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href="refs-050.htm#061" target="_blank"><strong>61</strong></a> <i>  AB@. <a href=023.htm#p-189 target=_blank>189. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="023.htm#177" name="177"><b>177.</b> @8 1><10@48@>2:5 0=3;8G0=0<8 0=B>=0 2 >:BO1@5 1856 3.</a> (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href="refs-200.htm#100" target="_blank"><strong>100</strong></a>) <a href="023.htm#177">?>B5@8 1@8B0=A:>3> D;>B0 A>AB02;O;8 2A53> 3 G5;>25:0.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=023.htm#p-190 target=_blank>190. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="023.htm#178" name="178"><b>178.</b> 0@:A F8B8@C5B ?8AL<> 8=65=5@0 5A<8B0 >B =>O1@O 1852 3. D01@8G=><C 8=A?5:B>@C . %>@=5@C, ?><5I5==>5 2 «Reports of the Inspectors of Factories to Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department for the Half Year ending 31st October 1856». London, 1857.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=023.htm#p-197 target=_blank>197. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="023.htm#179" name="179"><b>179.</b> 0:>=, 70?@5I02H89 =0 E;>?G0B>1C<06=KE, H5@ABO=KE, ;L=O=KE 8 H5;:>B:0F:8E D01@8:0E @01>BC 45B59 <>;>65 9 ;5B, 1K; ?@8=OB ?0@;0<5=B>< 2 1833 3>4C.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=023.htm#p-199 target=_blank>199. </a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="024.htm#180" name="180"><b>180.</b> 03;0285 40=> ?> 70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1857 3>4</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=024.htm#p-200 target=_blank>200.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="024.htm#181" name="181"><b>181.</b> <em>«Great Unpaid»</em> («5;8:89 =5>?;0G8205<K9»)  8@>=8G5A:>5 2K@065=85, C?>B@51;O5<>5 2 =3;88 2 >B=>H5=88 ;8F, 70=8<0NI8E 4>;6=>AB8 <8@>2KE AC459 8 =5 ?>;CG0NI8E 70 A2>5 2KA>:>5 720=85 =8:0:>3> 2>7=03@0645=8O</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=024.htm#p-204 target=_blank>204.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="024.htm#182" name="182"><b>182.</b> 03;0285 40=> ?> 70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1857 3>4</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=024.htm#p-209 target=_blank>209.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="025.htm#183" name="183"><b>183.</b>  70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1857 3. AB0BLO >703;02;5=0 «8B09A:0O  ?5@A84A:0O (2>9=0)»</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=025.htm#p-218 target=_blank>218.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="025.htm#184" name="184"><b>184.</b>  5GL 845B >1 0=3;>-?5@A84A:>9 2>9=5 1856 1857 33.</a> (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href="refs-050.htm#074" target="_blank"><strong>74</strong></a>)<a href="025.htm#184"> 8 2B>@>9 «>?8C<=>9» 2>9=5 A 8B05< 1856 1858 3>4>2. >2>4>< : ?>A;54=59 ?>A;C68; :>=D;8:B <564C 0=3;89A:8<8 ?@54AB028B5;O<8 8 :8B09A:8<8 2;0ABO<8 2 0=B>=5 (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 100). >5==K5 459AB28O 2 8B05 ?@>4>;60;8AL A ?5@5@K20<8 4> 8N=O 1858 3. 8 70:>=G8;8AL 3@018B5;LA:8< "O=LF78=LA:8< 4>3>2>@><</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=025.htm#p-218 target=_blank>218.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="025.htm#185" name="185"><b>185.</b> <em> CAA:>-BC@5F:0O 2>9=0</em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a> <i>  AB@. <a href=025.htm#p-218 target=_blank>218.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="025.htm#186" name="186"><b>186.</b> L. E. Nolan. «Cavalry; its History and Tactics» (. -. >;0=. «020;5@8O, 55 8AB>@8O 8 B0:B8:0»). 5@2>5 8740=85 :=838 2KH;> 2 1851 3>4C</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=025.htm#p-219 target=_blank>219.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="025.htm#187" name="187"><b>187.</b> >2>4>< : <em>@CAA:>-BC@5F:>9 2>9=5</em> 1806  1812 33. O28;AO A?@>2>F8@>20==K9 $@0=F859 @CAA:>-BC@5F:89 :>=D;8:B, 2 A2O78 A =0@CH5=85< "C@F859 =5:>B>@KE CA;>289 ?@56=8E @CAA:>-BC@5F:8E 4>3>2>@>2.  B5G5=85 @O40 ;5B 2>9=0 H;0 A ?5@5<5==K< CA?5E><.  1811 3. :><0=4CNI8< C=09A:>9 0@<859 1K; =07=0G5= . . CBC7>2, ?>A;5 G53> 2 E>45 2>9=K ?@>87>H5; ?5@5;><2 ?>;L7C  >AA88, :>B>@0O 70:;NG8;0 A "C@F859 CE0@5ABA:89 <8@=K9 4>3>2>@</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=025.htm#p-219 target=_blank>219.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="025.htm#188" name="188"><b>188.</b> <em>@=0CBK</em>  BC@5F:>5 =0720=85 0;10=F52</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=025.htm#p-220 target=_blank>220.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="025.htm#189" name="189"><b>189.</b> @8 <em>;B5=8F5</em> (A5;5=85 =0 ;52>< 15@53C C=0O) 4 =>O1@O (23 >:BO1@O) 1853 3. BC@:8 2K83@0;8 A@065=85 C @CAA:8E 87-70 15740@=>3> :><0=4>20=8O 35=5@0;0 0==5=15@30.<br> <br>  :@>2>?@>;8B=>< A@065=88 C A5;5=8O <em>'5B0B5</em> 6 O=20@O 1854 3. (25 45:01@O 1853 3.) @CAA:85, >B>3=02 BC@>: : 0;0D0BC, ?>=5A;8 1>;LH>9 C@>=.<br> <br>  ?5@8>4 4;8B5;L=>9 >A04K BC@5F:>9 :@5?>AB8 <em>0@A</em> (8N=L =>O1@L 1855 3.) @CAA:85 29 (17) A5=BO1@O ?@54?@8=O;8 HBC@< :@5?>AB8, :>B>@K9 >:>=G8;AO =5C40G59 87-70 =54>AB0B:0 A8; C >A0640NI8E, 0 B0:65 2 A2O78 A B5<, GB> >A0645==K5 70@0=55 C7=0;8 > 3>B>2OI5<AO HBC@<5. 0@=87>= :@5?>AB8 A40;AO @CAA:8< 2>9A:0< ;8HL 24 (12) =>O1@O. <br> <br> AB@5B82H8AL A ?@52>AE>4OI8<8 A8;0<8 BC@5F:8E 2>9A: 2 1>N C @5:8 <em>=3C@</em> 6 =>O1@O (25 >:BO1@O) 1855 3., @CAA:85 2>9A:0 ?>=5A;81>;LH85 ?>B5@8 8 >BABC?8;8 87 8=3@5;88.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=025.htm#p-220 target=_blank>220.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="025.htm#190" name="190"><b>190.</b> <em> 5=530B0<8</em> 2 "C@F88 =07K20;8AL ?>440==K5 AC;B0=0 87 1K2H8E E@8AB80=, ?5@5H54H8E 2 <CAC;L<0=AB2>.</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=025.htm#p-220 target=_blank>220.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="025.htm#191" name="191"><b>191.</b> <55BAO 2 284C B09?8=A:>5 2>AAB0=85</a> (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href="refs-050.htm#072" target="_blank"><strong>72</strong></a>) <i>  AB@. <a href=025.htm#p-222 target=_blank>222.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="026.htm#192" name="192"><b>192.</b> <em>Polacos</em> (?>;0:>AK)  ?>;8B8G5A:0O :;8:0, AB>O2H0O C 2;0AB8 2 A?0=88 A 1850 ?> 1854 3>4; ?>;0:>A>2 >1J548=O;8 =5 AB>;L:> ?>;8B8G5A:85 C15645=8O, A:>;L:> @>4AB25==K5 A2O78. 5@54 8A?0=A:>9 @52>;NF859 1854 1856 33. B0: =07K20;8, 2 G0AB=>AB8, 4@C759 !0@B>@8CA0, 2>73;02;O2H53> ?@028B5;LAB2></a> <i>  AB@. <a href=026.htm#p-225 target=_blank>225.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="026.htm#193" name="193"><b>193.</b>  5GL 845B > 70:>=5, ?@8=OB>< D@0=FC7A:8< 0:>=>40B5;L=K< :>@?CA>< 28 <0O 1857 3>40</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=026.htm#p-231 target=_blank>231.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="026.htm#194" name="194"><b>194.</b> <em>Bureaux</em> (1N@>) >1@07>2K20;8AL ?@54A540B5;5< D@0=FC7A:>3> 0:>=>40B5;L=>3> :>@?CA0 87 45?CB0B>2 ?>A;54=53> 4;O ?@5420@8B5;L=>3> @0AA<>B@5=8O 2>?@>A>2. !CI5AB2>20;> >1KG=> =5A:>;L:> 1N@>, A>AB02 :>B>@KE ?5@8>48G5A:8 <5=O;AO</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=026.htm#p-233 target=_blank>233.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="027.htm#195" name="195"><b>195.</b>  5GL 845B >1 0=3;>-?5@A84A:>9 2>9=5 1856 1857 33.</a> (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href="refs-050.htm#074" target="_blank"><strong>74</strong></a>) <i>  AB@. <a href=027.htm#p-238 target=_blank>238.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="027.htm#196" name="196"><b>196.</b> 03;0285 40=> ?> 70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1857 3>4</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=027.htm#p-240 target=_blank>240.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="027.htm#197" name="197"><b>197.</b> 0E20B <em>!8=40</em>, ?>3@0=8G=>9 A D30=8AB0=>< >1;0AB8 2 A525@>-70?04=>9 G0AB8 =488, 1K; >ACI5AB2;5= 0=3;89A:8<8 :>;>=870B>@0<8 2 1843 3>4C. > 2@5<O 0=3;>-0D30=A:>9 2>9=K 1838 1842 33. (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 117) AB-=4A:0O :><?0=8O ?>A@54AB2>< C3@>7 8 =0A8;89 4>18;0AL >B D5>40;L=KE ?@028B5;59 !8=40 A>3;0A8O =0 ?@>?CA: A2>8E 2>9A: G5@57 8E 2;045=8O. >A?>;L7>202H8AL MB8<, 0=3;8G0=5 ?>B@51>20;8 2 1843 3., GB>1K <5AB=K5 D5>40;K ?@87=0;8 A51O 20AA0;0<8 ><?0=88; ?>A;5 @0A?@02K A 2>AAB02H8<8 ?;5<5=0<8 15;C4659 (:>@5==>5 =0A5;5=85 !8=40) 1K;> >1JO2;5=> > ?@8A>548=5=88 2A59 >1;0AB8 : @8B0=A:>9 =488.<br> <br> <em>5=4601</em> (!525@>-0?04=0O =48O) 1K; 702>520= 2 @57C;LB0B5 2>9= 0=3;8G0= A A8:E0<8 (1845 1846, 1848 1849).  1845 3. 0=3;89A:85 :>;>=870B>@K, 8A?>;L7CO ?@540B5;LA:85 M;5<5=BK A8:EA:>97=0B8, A?@>2>F8@>20;8 :>=D;8:B A A8:E0<8 8 4>18;8AL 2 1846 3. ?@52@0I5=8O 3>AC40@AB20 A8:E>2 2 20AA0;L=>5 :=O65AB2>.  1848 3. A8:E8 ?>4=O;8 2>AAB0=85, => 2 1849 3. 1K;8 >:>=G0B5;L=> ?>:>@5=K. 02>520=85< 5=46010 7025@H8;>AL ?@52@0I5=85 2A59 =488 2 0=3;89A:CN :>;>=8N</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=027.htm#p-240 target=_blank>240.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="027.htm#198" name="198"><b>198.</b>  1856 3. 0=3;89A:85 2;0AB8 2 =488, 2>?@5:8 70:;NG5==K< 4>3>2>@0<, >1JO28;8 <5AB=>3> ?@028B5;O C40 (:=O65AB2> 2 A525@=>9 G0AB8 =488) =87;>65==K< 8 ?@8A>548=8;8 53> 2;045=8O : B5@@8B>@88, =0E>4OI59AO ?>4 =5?>A@54AB25==K< C?@02;5=85< AB-=4A:>9 :><?0=88.</a> (!<. B0:65 =0AB>OI89 B><, AB@. <a href="refs-047.htm#p-484" target="_blank">484 489</a>.) <i>  AB@. <a href=027.htm#p-240 target=_blank>240.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="027.htm#199" name="199"><b>199.</b>  5GL 845B > 2>AAB0=88 1857 1859 33  :@C?=59H5< 2>AAB0=88 8=489A:>3> =0@>40 70 A2>N =0F8>=0;L=CN =57028A8<>ABL ?@>B82 0=3;89A:>3> 2;04KG5AB20. A=>2=>9 ?@8G8=>9 2>AAB0=8O, :>B>@><C ?@54H5AB2>20; F5;K9 @O4 2>>@C65==KE 2KABC?;5=89 ?@>B82 0=3;89A:8E :>;>=870B>@>2, O28;>AL 2A5>1I55 2>7<CI5=85 2A5E A;>52 8=489A:>3> =0A5;5=8O 65AB>:8<8 <5B>40<8 :>;>=80;L=>9 M:A?;C0B0F88; =58<>25@=> 2KA>:8< =0;>3>2K< >1;>65=85<, ?@82>482H8< : ?>;=><C >3@01;5=8N 8=489A:>3> :@5ABLO=AB20 8 : M:A?@>?@80F88 2;045=89 =5:>B>@KE ?@>A;>5: D5>40;>2; ?>;8B8:>9 0==5:A89 >AB0202H8EAO 5I5 =57028A8<K<8 8=489A:8E B5@@8B>@89; A8AB5<>9 ?KB>: ?@8 A1>@5 =0;>3>2 8 B5@@>@>< :>;>=80;L=KE 2;0AB59; 3@C1K< =0@CH5=85< A> AB>@>=K :>;>=870B>@>2 >A2OI5==KE 25:0<8 B@048F89 8 >1KG052 =0@>40. >AAB0=85 2A?KE=C;> 25A=>9 1857 3. (?>43>B>2:0 : =5<C 25;0AL A A5@548=K 1856 3.) A@548 B0: =07K205<KE A8?09A:8E G0AB59</a> (A<. ?@8<5G0=85 <a href="refs-200.htm#120" target="_blank"><strong>120</strong></a>) <a href="027.htm#199">15=30;LA:>9 0@<88, @0A:20@B8@>20==KE 2 !525@=>9 =488. !8?09A:85 2>9A:0 15=30;LA:>9 0@<88, 2 @C:0E :>B>@KE 1K;8 A>A@54>B>G5=K 206=59H85 AB@0B538G5A:85 ?C=:BK MB>3> @09>=0 8 1>;LH0O G0ABL 0@B8;;5@88, AB0;8 2>5==K< O4@>< 2>AAB0=8O. 01@0==0O ?@58<CI5AB25==> 87 ?@54AB028B5;59 2KAH8E :0AB 8=4CA>2 (1@0E<0=>2, @046?CB>2 8 4@.) 8 <CAC;L<0=, A8?09A:0O 0@<8O >B@060;0 2 F5;>< =54>2>;LAB2> 8=489A:>3> :@5ABLO=AB20, 87 :>B>@>3> @5:@CB8@>20;8AL @O4>2K5 A8?08, 0 B0:65 =54>2>;LAB2> =5:>B>@>9 G0AB8 D5>40;L=>9 7=0B8 !525@=>9 =488 (>A>15==> C40), A :>B>@>9 1K;> B5A=> A2O70=> A8=09A:>5 >D8F5@AB2>. 0@>4=>5 2>AAB0=85, 8<52H55 F5;LN A25@65=85 GC6575<=>3> 2;04KG5AB20, ?@8=O;> H8@>:89 @07<0E, >E20B82 :@C?=59H85 @09>=K !525@=>9 8 &5=B@0;L=>9 =488, 3;02=K<8 87 :>B>@KE O28;8AL 5;8, 0:=0C, 0=?C@,  >E8;:0=4, &5=B@0;L=0O =48O 8 C=45;:E0=4. A=>2=>9 4286CI59 A8;>9 2>AAB0=8O 1K;> :@5ABLO=AB2> 8 @5<5A;5==0O 154=>B0 3>@>4>2, => @C:>2>4AB2> 2>AAB0=85< =0E>48;>AL 2 @C:0E D5>40;>2, ?>402;ONI55 1>;LH8=AB2> :>B>@KE ?@540;> 2>AAB0=85, ?>A;5 B>3> :0::>;>=80;L=K5 2;0AB8 2 1858 3. >15I0;8 A>E@0=8BL 2 =5?@8:>A=>25==>AB8 8E 2;045=8O. A=>2=>9 ?@8G8=>9 ?>@065=8O 2>AAB0=8O O28;>AL >BACBAB285 548=>3> @C:>2>4AB20 8 >1I53> ?;0=0 459AB289 C ?>2AB0=F52, >1CA;>2;5==>5 2 =5<0;>9 <5@5 D5>40;L=>9 @074@>1;5==>ABLN =488, MB=8G5A:>9 ?5AB@>B>9 55 =0A5;5=8O, 0 B0:65 @5;838>7=K< 8 :0AB>2K< @0745;5=85< 8=489A:>3> =0@>40; MB> A CA?5E>< 8A?>;L7>20;8 0=3;8G0=52 1>@L15 A 2>AAB0=85<, 2 ?>402;5=88 :>B>@>3> 8< 0:B82=> ?><>30;> 1>;LH8=AB2> 8=489A:8E D5>40;>2. 5<0;>206=>5 7=0G5=85 8<5;> 8 B> >1AB>OB5;LAB2>, GB> =0 AB>@>=5 0=3;8G0= 1K;> 7=0G8B5;L=>5 2>5==>-B5E=8G5A:>5 ?@52>AE>4AB2>. %>BO 8=489A:>5 2>AAB0=85 1857 1859 33. =5 70B@>=C;> =5?>A@54AB25==> =5:>B>@KE G0AB59 AB@0=K (0=3;8G0=0< C40;>AL C45@60BL >B 2>AAB0=8O 5=4601, 5=30;8N 8 N3 =488), >=>?>B@OA;> 2AN =48N 8 2K=C48;> 0=3;89A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> ?@>8725AB8 @O4 ?@5>1@07>20=89 2 A8AB5<5 C?@02;5=8O AB@0=>9. "5A=> A2O70==>5 A =0F8>=0;L=>->A2>1>48B5;L=K< 42865=85< 4@C38E AB@0= 788, 8=489A:>5 2>AAB0=85 >A;018;> B0< ?>78F88 0=3;89A:8E :>;>=870B>@>2, 2 G0AB=>AB8, >B>428=C;> =0 45AOB:8 ;5B >ACI5AB2;5=85 8E 03@5AA82=KE ?;0=>2 2 >B=>H5=88 D30=8AB0=0, 5@A88 8 @O40 4@C38E 0780BA:8E AB@0=</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=027.htm#p-242 target=_blank>242.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="027.htm#200" name="200"><b>200.</b> <em>>3>;K</em>  702>520B5;8 BN@:A:>3> ?@>8AE>645=8O, 2B>@3H85AO 2 =48N 2 =0G0;5 XVI 2. 87 2>AB>G=>9 G0AB8 !@54=59 788 8 >A=>202H85 2 1526 3. 2 !525@=>9 =488 8<?5@8N 5;8:8E >3>;>2. 5;8:89 >3>;  B8BC;, 40==K9 52@>?59F0<8 ?@028B5;O< <>3>;LA:>9 8<?5@88, =07K202H8< A51O ?048H0E0<8.  3;070E A>2@5<5==8:>2 >A=>20B5;8 <>3>;LA:>9 8<?5@88 1K;8 ?@O<K<8 ?>B><:0<8 <>=3>;LA:8E 702>520B5;59 2@5<5= '8=38A-E0=0, >BAN40 8 =0720=85 «<>3>;K», AB02H55 >1KG=K< 4;O <CAC;L<0= A525@0 =488. >3>;LA:0O 45@6020 4>AB83;0 7=0G8B5;L=>3> <>3CI5AB20, ?>4G8=82 : A5@548=5 XVII 2. 1>;LHCN G0ABL =488 8 G0ABL D30=8AB0=0. 4=0:> 2 @57C;LB0B5 :@5ABLO=A:8E 2>AAB0=89 8 @>AB0 A>?@>B82;5=8O =0@>4>2 =488 702>520B5;O<-<CAC;L<0=0<, 0 B0:65 2A;54AB285 ?>AB>O==KE CA>18F 8 CA8;5=8O D5>40;L=>-A5?0@0B8ABA:8E B5=45=F89 8<?5@8O 5;8:8E >3>;>2 AB0;0 ?@8E>48BL 2 C?04>: 8 2 ?5@2>9 ?>;>28=5 XVIII 2. D0:B8G5A:8 @0A?0;0AL.<br> <br> 45AL 8<55BAO 2 284C 5;8:89 >3>; 0E04C@-H0E II, AK= :10@0 II</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=027.htm#p-242 target=_blank>242.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="027.htm#201" name="201"><b>201.</b> <55BAO 2 284C <em>$>@B-#8;LO<</em>  0=3;89A:0O :@5?>ABL 2 0;L:CBB5, ?>AB@>5==0O 2 1696 3. 8 =0720==0O B0: 2 G5ABL B>340H=53> :>@>;O =3;88 8;L35;L<0 (8;LO<0) III @0=A:>3>. >A;5 702>520=8O 0=3;8G0=0<8 5=30;88 2 1757 3. 2 MB>9 :@5?>AB8 @0A?>;030;8AL ?@028B5;LAB25==K5 CG@5645=8O, 8 =0720=85 :@5?>AB8 AB0;> C?>B@51;OBLAO 2 7=0G5=88 «?@028B5;LAB2> 15=30;LA:>3> ?@57845=BAB20», 0 ?>B>< 8 «0=3;89A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> =488».</a> <i>  AB@. <a href=027.htm#p-242 target=_blank>242.</a></i></p> <p class=Pl><a href="refs-050.htm">?@54K4CI85</a> !<>B@5BL <a href="refs-300.htm">40;55</a></p> </body> </html>