þÿ < h t m l >
< h e a d >
< t i t l e > 1 2 - r @8<5G0=8O : 1 2 -<C B><C !! 8 $- . 2 0 2 - 3 0 0 < / t i t l e >
< m e t a h t t p - e q u i v = " C o n t e n t - T y p e " c o n t e n t = " t e x t / h t m l ; c h a r s e t = w i n d o w s - 1 2 5 1 " >
< l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " m a i n . c s s " t y p e = " t e x t / c s s " >
< / h e a d >
< b o d y >
< p > & n b s p ; < / p >
< p c l a s s = T t l > ' / < / p >
< p > & n b s p ; < / p >
< p c l a s s = P l > < a h r e f = r e f s - 2 0 0 . h t m >?@54K4CI85 < / a > !<>B@5BL < a h r e f = r e f s - 4 0 0 . h t m >40;55 < / a > < / p >
< p > & n b s p ; < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 2 8 . h t m # 2 0 2 " n a m e = " 2 0 2 " > < s t r o n g > 2 0 2 . < / s t r o n g > 03;0285 40=> ?> 70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1 8 5 7 3>4 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 2 8 . h t m # p - 2 4 4 " t a r g e t = _ b l a n k > 2 4 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 2 8 . h t m # 2 0 3 " n a m e = " 2 0 3 " > < s t r o n g > 2 0 3 . < / s t r o n g > !AK;0OAL =0 =5402=85 2>;=5=8O 2 A?0=88 8 B0;88 , 0@:A 8<55B 2 284C @52>;NF8N 2 A?0=88 1 8 5 6 3 . < / a > (A< . =0AB>OI89 B>< , AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 0 5 . h t m " t a r g e t = _ b l a n k > 3 8 4 9 < / a > ) < a h r e f = " 0 2 8 . h t m # 2 0 3 " >8 @52>;NF8>==>5 1@>65=85 2 B0;88 2 1 8 5 7 3 . , =0?@02;5==>5 ?@>B82 02AB@89A:>3> 3=5B0 8 D5>40;L=> -<>=0@E8G5A:8E ?@028B5;LAB2 >B45;L=KE 8B0;LO=A:8E 3>AC40@AB2 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 2 8 . h t m # p - 2 4 7 " t a r g e t = _ b l a n k > 2 4 7 < / a > . < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # 2 0 4 " n a m e = " 2 0 4 " > < s t r o n g > 2 0 4 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > 046?CBK < / e m > >4=0 87 2KAH8E A>A;>2=> -:0AB>2KE 3@C?? , 0 B0:65 =0@>4=>ABL 2 =488 , =0A5;ONI0O ?@58<CI5AB25==> 046?CB0=C (=K=5H=89 0460ABE0= ) . =>3> @046?CB>2 1K;> 8 2 5=30;LA:>< ?@57845=BAB25 , ?@58<CI5AB25==> 2 8E0@5 . 046?CBK AG8B0;8AL ?@8=04;560I8<8 : A>A;>28N 2>8=>2 -:H0B@852 . <>3>;LA:>9 8<?5@88 @046?CB>2 >G5=L F5=8;8 :0: 2>8=>2 2284C 8E ?;5<5==>9 A?09:8 , :>B>@>9 >1KG=> =54>AB020;> =05<=>9 <>3>;LA:>9 0@<88 . :;0AA>2>< >B=>H5=88 >=8 ?@8=04;560;8 , :0: ?@028;> , : ?@>A;>9:5 «:@5?:>3> » :@5ABLO=AB20 . =3;8G0=5 >E>B=> 1@0;8 @046?CB>2 2 A8?09A:85 G0AB8 15=30;LA:>9 0@<88 . < b r >
< b r >
< e m >@0E<0=K < / e m > 2 @52=59 =488 AG8B0;8AL 6@5G5A:8< A>A;>285< . ! >D>@<;5=85< A>A;>2=> -:0AB>2>3> AB@>O 1@0E<0=K 70=O;8 2KAH55 <5AB> 2 :0AB>2>9 85@0@E88 , A>AB0282 >4=C 87 G5BK@5E 4@52=59H8E :0AB =488 , :>B>@0O ?>74=55 ?><8<> 6@5F>2 >E20BK20;0 , :0: 8 4@C385 8=489A:85 :0ABK , ;N459 @07;8G=KE ?@>D5AA89 8 A>F80;L=>3> ?>;>65=8O , =5 8A:;NG0O >1=8I02H8E :@5ABLO= 8 @5<5A;5==8:>2 . < b r >
< b r >
15=30;LA:CN A8?09A:CN 0@<8N (2 >B;8G85 >B 1><159A:>9 8 <04@0AA:>9 ) 25@1>20;8 ?@58<CI5AB25==> B>;L:> 8=4CA>2 , ?@8=04;5602H8E : 2KAH8< :0AB0< , 8 ?>B><C 2 15=30;LA:>9 0@<88 1K;> <=>3> 1@0E<0=>2 8 @046?CB>2 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # p - 2 4 9 " t a r g e t = _ b l a n k > 2 4 9 < / a > . < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # 2 0 5 " n a m e = " 2 0 5 " > < s t r o n g > 2 0 5 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > 57845=BAB2> < / e m > <5AB>?@51K20=85 0=3;89A:>3> @57845=B0 (?>;8B8G5A:>3> A>25B=8:0 2 8=489A:>< :=O65AB25 ) , 2 40==>< A;CG05 @57845=B0 2 C45 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # p - 2 5 0 " t a r g e t = _ b l a n k > 2 5 0 < / a > . < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # 2 0 6 " n a m e = " 2 0 6 " > < s t r o n g > 2 0 6 . < / s t r o n g > 5GL 845B > 2>9=5 1 8 0 8 1 8 1 4 33 . 70 =57028A8<>ABL 8A?0=A:>3> =0@>40 ?@>B82 D@0=FC7A:>9 >::C?0F88 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # p - 2 5 0 " t a r g e t = _ b l a n k > 2 5 0 < / a > . < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # 2 0 7 " n a m e = " 2 0 7 " > < s t r o n g > 2 0 7 . < / s t r o n g > 0@:A =0<5:05B , ?> -2848<><C , =0 B> >1AB>OB5;LAB2> , GB> G;5=K 0=3;89A:>9 ?0;0BK >1I8= 2> 2@5<O ;5B=8E A5AA89 ?0@;0<5=B0 G0AB> ?@54?>G8B0NB A2>8< ?0@;0<5=BA:8< >1O70==>ABO< @07=>3> @>40 @072;5G5=8O 8 CAB@>9AB2> A2>8E ;8G=KE 45; . >MB><C >@0B>@0< =5@54:> ?@8E>48BAO 2KABC?0BL ?5@54 ?>GB8 ?CAB>9 0C48B>@859 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # p - 2 5 2 " t a r g e t = _ b l a n k > 2 5 2 < / a > . < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # 2 0 8 " n a m e = " 2 0 8 " > < s t r o n g > 2 0 8 . < / s t r o n g > <55BAO 2 284C :=830 >=B5A:LQ : « C o n s i d e r a t i o n s s u r l e s c a u s e s d e l a g r a n d e u r d e s R o m a i n s e t d e l e u r d e c a d e n c e » ( « 07<KH;5=8O > ?@8G8=0E 25;8G8O 8 ?045=8O @8<;O= » ) , ?5@2>5 8740=85 :>B>@>9 2KH;> 0=>=8<=> 2 <AB5@40<5 2 1 7 3 4 3 . , 0 B0:65 :=830 : . G i b b o n . « T h e H i s t o r y o f t h e D e c l i n e a n d F a l l o f t h e R o m a n E m p i r e » (- . 811>= . «AB>@8O C?04:0 8 @07@CH5=8O 8<A:>9 8<?5@88 » ) . 5@2>5 8740=85 2KH;> 2 >=4>=5 2 1 7 7 6 1 7 8 8 3>40E . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # p - 2 5 3 " t a r g e t = _ b l a n k > 2 5 3 < / a > . < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # 2 0 9 " n a m e = " 2 0 9 " > < s t r o n g > 2 0 9 . < / s t r o n g > 5GL 845B > B>@8 ?0@B88 :@C?=>9 0=3;89A:>9 75<5;L=>9 8 D8=0=A>2>9 0@8AB>:@0B88 . >7=8:=C2 2 X V I I 2 . , ?0@B8O B>@8 2A5340 1K;0 ?>1>@=8F59 @50:F8>==>9 2=CB@5==59 ?>;8B8:8 , C?>@=> AB>O;0 =0 AB@065 :>=A5@20B82=KE 8 0@E08G5A:8E CG@5645=89 2 3>AC40@AB25==>< AB@>5 =3;88 , 2KABC?0;0 ?@>B82 45<>:@0B8G5A:8E ?@5>1@07>20=89 2 AB@0=5 . ! @0728B85< :0?8B0;87<0 2 =3;88 B>@8 ?>AB5?5==> CB@0G820;8 A2>5 1K;>5 ?>;8B8G5A:>5 2;8O=85 8 A2>N ?0@;0<5=BA:CN <>=>?>;8N , ?5@2K9 C40@ :>B>@>9 1K; =0=5A5= @5D>@<>9 1 8 3 2 3 . , >B:@K2H59 4>ABC? 2 ?0@;0<5=B ?@54AB028B5;O< ?@><KH;5==>9 1C@6C0788 . B<5=0 2 1 8 4 6 3 . 2K3>4=KE 4;O 75<;52;045;LF52 E;51=KE 70:>=>2 >A;018;0 M:>=><8G5A:CN 107C AB0@>9 0=3;89A:>9 75<5;L=>9 0@8AB>:@0B88 8 ?@825;0 : @0A:>;C 2 ?0@B88 . A5@548=5 5 0 -E 3>4>2 2 ?0@B88 B>@8 ?@>8AE>48; ?@>F5AA @07;>65=8O 8 87<5=5=8O 2 55 :;0AA>2>< A>AB025 (>B@0602H89 ?@>F5AA A@0I820=8O 75<5;L=>9 0@8AB>:@0B88 A <03=0B0<8 :0?8B0;0 ) , 2 @57C;LB0B5 G53> 2 :>=F5 5 0 -E =0G0;5 6 0 -E 3>4>2 X I X 2 . =0 >A=>25 AB0@>9 ?0@B88 B>@8 2>7=8:;0 0=3;89A:0O :>=A5@20B82=0O ?0@B8O . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # p - 2 5 3 " t a r g e t = _ b l a n k > 2 5 3 < / a > . < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # 2 1 0 " n a m e = " 2 1 0 " > < s t r o n g > 2 1 0 . < / s t r o n g > > 1 7 7 3 3 . AB -=4A:0O :><?0=8O 8<5;0 2 A2>8E 8=489A:8E 2;045=8OE B@5E 3C15@=0B>@>2 2 0;L:CBB5 (5=30;8O ) , 04@0A5 8 ><155 ; ?@8 :064>< 87 =8E ACI5AB2>20; A>25B 87 AB0@H8E A;C60I8E ><?0=88 . > «:BC > ?@028;0E ;CGH53> C?@02;5=8O 45;0<8 AB -=4A:>9 :><?0=88 » 1 7 7 3 3 . ?@8 3C15@=0B>@5 0;L:CBBK , :>B>@K9 AB0; =07K20BLAO 35=5@0; -3C15@=0B>@>< 5=30;88 , A>74020;AO !>25B 2 A>AB025 4 -E G5;>25: . 5=5@0; -3C15@=0B>@ 8 G;5=K !>25B0 =07=0G0;8AL C65 =5 ><?0=859 , 0 :0: ?@028;> , 0=3;89A:8< ?@028B5;LAB2>< ?>8<5==> A@>:>< =0 ?OBL ;5B 8 <>3;8 1KBL A<5I5=K 4> 8AB5G5=8O A@>:0 B>;L:> :>@>;5< ?> ?@54AB02;5=8N !>25B0 48@5:B>@>2 ><?0=88 . =5=85 1>;LH8=AB20 1K;> >1O70B5;L=K< 4;O 2A53> !>25B0 ; 5A;8 3>;>A0 53> G;5=>2 45;8;8AL ?>@>2=C , 3>;>A 35=5@0; -3C15@=0B>@0 8<5; @5H0NI55 7=0G5=85 . 5=5@0; -3C15@=0B>@ 4>;65= 1K; >ACI5AB2;OBL 3@0640=A:>5 8 2>5==>5 C?@02;5=85 5=30;859 , 8E0@>< 8 @8AA>9 8 >4=>2@5<5==> ?>;CG0; ?@02> 2KAH53> =047>@0 =04 ?>4G8=5==K<8 5<C B5?5@L ?@57845=BAB20<8 04@0A0 8 ><15O 2 45;0E , :0A0NI8EAO 2545=8O 2>9=K 8 70:;NG5=8O <8@0 . 8HL 2 >A>1KE A;CG0OE MB8 ?>A;54=85 <>3;8 459AB2>20BL A0<>AB>OB5;L=> . > 0:BC 1 7 8 4 3 . A>AB02 5=30;LA:>3> A>25B0 A>:@0I0;AO 4> 3 -E G;5=>2 , 2 G8A;> :>B>@KE 2E>48; 3;02=>:><0=4CNI89 . !>3;0A=> 4>?>;=8B5;L=><C 0:BC 1 7 8 6 3 . 35=5@0; -3C15@=0B>@ ?>;CG0; ?@02> 2 >A>1KE A;CG0OE 459AB2>20BL =57028A8<> >B A2>53> !>25B0 , 0 B0:65 ?@8=8<0BL =0 A51O DC=:F88 3;02=>:><0=4CNI53> . > 0:BC 1 8 3 3 3 . 35=5@0; -3C15@=0B>@ 5=30;88 AB0=>28;AO 35=5@0; -3C15@=0B>@>< =488 , >AB020OAL >4=>2@5<5==> 3C15@=0B>@>< 5=30;88 ; A>AB02 =0E>4OI53>AO ?@8 =5< !>25B0 A=>20 C25;8G820;AO 4> 4 -E G5;>25: , ?@8G5< 2 :0G5AB25 4>?>;=8B5;L=>3> ?OB>3> G;5=0 2 =53> <>3 2E>48BL 3;02=>:><0=4CNI89 . 5=5@0; -3C15@=0B>@ 8 53> !>25B ?>;CG8;8 ?@02> 874020BL 70:>=K 4;O 2A59 @8B0=A:>9 =488 . @028B5;LAB20 ><15O 8 04@0A0 MB> ?@02> CB@0G820;8 ; !>25BK ?@8 8E 3C15@=0B>@0E 4>;6=K 1K;8 A>AB>OBL 87 42CE G5;>25: . > 0:BC 1 8 5 3 3 . , ?><8<> 4 -E G;5=>2 , A>AB02;O2H8E B0: =07K205<K9 0;K9 A>25B A DC=:F8O<8 8A?>;=8B5;L=>3> >@30=0 , ?@54CA<0B@820;AO @0AH8@5==K9 !>25B A 70:>=>40B5;L=K<8 DC=:F8O<8 , 2 :>B>@K9 4>;6=K 1K;8 2E>48BL 35=5@0; -3C15@=0B>@ , 3;02=>:><0=4CNI89 , 3;02=K9 AC4LO 5=30;88 8 >48= AC4LO 87 A>AB020 5@E>2=>3> AC40 . -B> ?>;>65=85 !>25B0 ?@8 35=5@0; -3C15@=0B>@5 =488 A>E@0=O;>AL 4> 1 8 5 8 3>40 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # p - 2 5 4 " t a r g e t = _ b l a n k > 2 5 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # 2 1 1 " n a m e = " 2 1 1 " > < s t r o n g > 2 1 1 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >6038@40@ < / e m > ?@54AB028B5;L <CAC;L<0=A:>9 D5>40;L=>9 7=0B8 2 8<?5@88 5;8:8E >3>;>2 , ?>;CG02H89 2> 2@5<5==>5 ?>;L7>20=85 :@C?=>5 75<5;L=>5 2;045=85 (46038@ ) , 70 GB> >= 1K; >1O70= =5AB8 2>5==CN A;C61C 8 2KAB02;OBL >?@545;5==K9 :>=B8=35=B 2>9A: . 6038@40@K 278<0;8 2 A2>N ?>;L7C A :@5ABLO= , ?@>68202H8E =0 B5@@8B>@88 8E 46038@0 , ?>75<5;L=K9 =0;>3 , 0 B0:65 8A?>;L7>20;8 8E B@C4 =0 10@I8==KE @01>B0E . ! @0A?04>< 8<?5@88 5;8:8E >3>;>2 46038@40@K AB0;8 =0A;54AB25==K<8 D5>40;L=K<8 2;045;LF0<8 . < b r >
< b r >
< e m >=0<40@ < / e m > 2;045;5F >A>1>3> @>40 D5>40;L=>3> ?>60;>20=8O , 8=0<0 . =0<K 2 >A=>2=>< @074020;8AL A2OI5==>A;C68B5;O< 8=4CA0< 8 <CAC;L<0=0< , 0 B0:65 @5;838>7=K< 8 1;03>B2>@8B5;L=K< 702545=8O< . .6=>9 =488 8=0< 8=>340 ?>;CG0;8 8 ?@54AB028B5;8 25@ECH:8 A5;LA:>9 >1I8=K . =0< ?>;=>ABLN 8;8 G0AB8G=> >A2>1>640;AO >B C?;0BK =0;>3>2 8 ?5@54020;AO ?> =0A;54AB2C . @8 0=3;8G0=0E 8=0<40@K MB> 2;045;LFK CG0AB:>2 , A2>1>4=KE >B ?>75<5;L=>3> =0;>30 . < b r >
< b r >
< e m >$@83>;L45@ < / e m > >4=0 87 :0B53>@89 <5;:8E 75<;52;045;LF52 2 =3;88 , :>B>@0O 25;0 A2>5 =0G0;> >B A@54=525:>2KE «A2>1>4=KE 45@60B5;59 » . $@83>;L45@ C?;0G820; ;>@4C =57=0G8B5;L=CN D8:A8@>20==CN 45=56=CN @5=BC 70 75<5;L=K9 CG0AB>: , :>B>@K< >= 8<5; ?@02> A2>1>4=> @0A?>@O60BLAO . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 2 9 . h t m # p - 2 5 5 " t a r g e t = _ b l a n k > 2 5 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # 2 1 2 " n a m e = " 2 1 2 " > < s t r o n g > 2 1 2 . < / s t r o n g > 03;0285 40=> ?> 70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1 8 5 7 3>4 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # p - 2 5 7 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 5 7 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # 2 1 3 " n a m e = " 2 1 3 " > < s t r o n g > 2 1 3 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >>=B@>;L=K9 A>25B < / e m > ?> 45;0< =488 1K; CG@5645= 0:B>< 1 7 8 4 3 . « ;CGH5< C?@02;5=88 AB -=4A:>9 :><?0=88 8 1@8B0=A:8E 2;045=89 2 =488 » . A>AB02 >=B@>;L=>3> A>25B0 2E>48;> H5ABL G5;>25: , :>B>@K5 =07=0G0;8AL :>@>;5< 87 G;5=>2 "09=>3> A>25B0 . @54A540B5;L >=B@>;L=>3> A>25B0 1K; G;5=>< :018=5B0 , ?> ACI5AB2C O2;OOAL <8=8AB@>< ?> 45;0< =488 8 A5 25@E>2=K< ?@028B5;5< . 5H5=8O >=B@>;L=>3> A>25B0 , =0E>482H53>AO 2 >=4>=5 , ?5@54020;8AL 2 =48N G5@57 !5:@5B=K9 :><8B5B , A>AB>O2H89 87 B@5E 48@5:B>@>2 AB -=4A:>9 :><?0=88 . "0:8< >1@07>< , 0:B>< 1 7 8 4 3 . 1K;0 A>740=0 42>9AB25==0O A8AB5<0 C?@02;5=8O =4859 G5@57 >=B@>;L=K9 A>25B (0=3;89A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> ) 8 !>25B 48@5:B>@>2 (><?0=8O ) . >=B@>;L=K9 A>25B 1K; C?@074=5= 2 1 8 5 8 3>4C . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # p - 2 5 7 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 5 7 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # 2 1 4 " n a m e = " 2 1 4 " > < s t r o n g > 2 1 4 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >!8:E8 < / e m > < / a > A< . ?@8<5G0=85 < a h r e f = " r e f s - 2 0 0 . h t m # 1 1 3 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > < s t r o n g > 1 1 3 < / s t r o n g > < / a > . < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # p - 2 5 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 5 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # 2 1 5 " n a m e = " 2 1 5 " > < s t r o n g > 2 1 5 . < / s t r o n g > =0G0;5 >:BO1@O 1 8 5 4 3 . 2 0@865 @0A?@>AB@0=8;AO A;CE > 27OB88 A>N7=8:0<8 !520AB>?>;O . -B0 ;>6=0O 25@A8O 1K;0 ?>4E20G5=0 >D8F80;L=>9 ?@5AA>9 $@0=F88 , =3;88 , 5;L388 8 5@<0=88 . 4=0:> G5@57 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 D@0=FC7A:85 3075BK 2K=C645=K 1K;8 >?C1;8:>20BL >?@>25@65=85 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # p - 2 6 1 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 6 1 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # 2 1 6 " n a m e = " 2 1 6 " > < s t r o n g > 2 1 6 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « T h e B o m b a y T i m e s » < / e m > ( «><159A:85 2@5<5=0 » ) 5654=52=0O 3075B0 , 874020;0AL 2 ><155 =0 0=3;89A:>< O7K:5 ; >A=>20=0 2 1 8 3 8 3>4C . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # p - 2 6 1 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 6 1 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # 2 1 7 " n a m e = " 2 1 7 " > < s t r o n g > 2 1 7 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « L e P a y s » < / e m > ( « >48=0 » ) D@0=FC7A:0O 5654=52=0O 3075B0 , >A=>20=0 2 0@865 2 1 8 4 9 3>4C . ?5@8>4 B>@>9 8<?5@88 ( 1 8 5 2 1 8 7 0 ) ?>;C>D8F80;L=K9 >@30= ?@028B5;LAB20 0?>;5>=0 I I I ; 8<5;0 ?>4703>;>2>: « J o u r n a l d e l ' E m p i r e » ( «075B0 <?5@88 » ) . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 0 . h t m # p - 2 6 3 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 6 3 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 1 . h t m # 2 1 8 " n a m e = " 2 1 8 " > < s t r o n g > 2 1 8 . < / s t r o n g > < / a > !< . ?@8<5G0=85 < a h r e f = " r e f s - 0 5 0 . h t m # 0 6 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > < s t r o n g > 6 9 < / s t r o n g > < / a > . < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 1 . h t m # p - 2 6 5 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 6 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 1 . h t m # 2 1 9 " n a m e = " 2 1 9 " > < s t r o n g > 2 1 9 . < / s t r o n g > 1 8 4 9 1 8 5 0 33 . , ?>4 2>7459AB285< >1I53> AB@5<;5=8O H8@>:8E :@C3>2 =5<5F:>3> >1I5AB20 : >1J548=5=8N , 4065 @50:F8>==>5 ?@CAA:>5 <8=8AB5@AB2> A45;0;> =5:>B>@K5 H038 : @5>@30=870F88 15AA8;L=>3> 5@<0=A:>3> A>N70 , 4>1820OAL ?>154K @CAA88 2 55 1>@L15 A 2AB@859 70 3;025=AB2> =04 =5<5F:8<8 3>AC40@AB20<8 . 5 65;0O CA8;5=8O @CAA88 70 AG5B 2AB@88 , 8:>;09 I 2K720; 2 0@H02C 2 >:BO1@5 1 8 5 0 3 . 02AB@89A:>3> :0=F;5@0 :=O7O (20@F5=15@30 8 ?@CAA:>3> <8=8AB@0 -?@57845=B0 3@0D0 @0=45=1C@30 . > 2@5<O MB>N A2840=8O (=0 :>B>@>< ?@8ACBAB2>20;8 B0:65 ?@CAA:89 ?@8=F 8;L35;L< 8 02AB@89A:89 8<?5@0B>@ $@0=F ->A8D I ) , ?>;CG82H53> =0720=85 < e m >0@H02A:>9 :>=D5@5=F88 < / e m > , 8:>;09 I >B:@>25==> 40; ?>=OBL , GB> >= A0<K< @5H8B5;L=K< >1@07>< ?>445@68205B 2AB@8N ?@>B82 @CAA88 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 1 . h t m # p - 2 6 6 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 6 6 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 1 . h t m # 2 2 0 " n a m e = " 2 2 0 " > < s t r o n g > 2 2 0 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « L ' E t o i l e d u D a n u b e » < / e m > ( «25740 C=0O » ) @C<K=A:0O ;815@0;L=0O 3075B0 , 2 1 8 5 6 1 8 5 7 & n b s p ;33 . 2KE>48;0 2 @NAA5;5 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 1 . h t m # p - 2 6 7 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 6 7 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 3 . h t m . # 2 2 1 " n a m e = " 2 2 1 " > < s t r o n g > 2 2 1 . < / s t r o n g > <55BAO 2 284C 70A540=85 ?0;0BK >1I8= 2 0 023CAB0 1 8 5 7 3>40 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " r e f s - 3 0 0 . h t m . # 2 7 4 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 7 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 3 . h t m . # 2 2 2 " n a m e = " 2 2 2 " > < s t r o n g > 2 2 2 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >C=09A:89 A?>@ < / e m > < / a > A< . ?@8<5G0=85 < a h r e f = " r e f s - 0 5 0 . h t m . # 0 6 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > < s t r o n g > 6 9 < / s t r o n g > < / a > . < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " r e f s - 3 0 0 . h t m . # 2 7 6 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 7 6 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 3 . h t m # 2 2 3 " n a m e = " 2 2 3 " > < s t r o n g > 2 2 3 . < / s t r o n g > 5<5F:85 35@F>3AB20 (;57283 8 >;LHB59= 2 B5G5=85 AB>;5B89 =0E>48;8AL ?>4 2;0ABLN 40BA:>9 :>@>=K . >=4>=A:89 ?@>B>:>; > F5;>AB=>AB8 0BA:>9 <>=0@E88 , :>B>@K9 1K; ?>4?8A0= 8 <0O 1 8 5 2 3 . >AA859 , 2AB@859 , =3;859 , $@0=F859 , @CAA859 8 (25F859 A>2<5AB=> A ?@54AB028B5;O<8 0=88 , ?@87=0; 70 35@F>3AB20<8 ?@02> =0 A0<>C?@02;5=85 , A>E@0=OO =04 =8<8 25@E>2=CN 2;0ABL 40BA:>3> :>@>;O . 4=0:> , 2>?@5:8 ?@>B>:>;C , 40BA:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> >1=0@>4>20;> 2 1 8 5 5 3 . :>=AB8BCF8N , :>B>@0O 8A:;NG0;0 =57028A8<>ABL 8 A0<>C?@02;5=85 2 =5<5F:8E 35@F>3AB20E , ?>42;0AB=KE 0=88 . >B25B =0 MB> 5@<0=A:89 A59< 8740; 2 D52@0;5 1 8 5 7 3 . 45:@5B A ?@>B5AB>< ?@>B82 22545=8O 2 35@F>3AB20E 40==>9 :>=AB8BCF88 , => ?> >H81:5 2 45:@5B5 1K;8 =0720=K B>;L:> >;LHB59= 8 0CM=1C@3 (B@5BL5 =5<5F:>5 35@F>3AB2> , ?>42;0AB=>5 0=88 ) 8 =5 C?><O=CB (;57283 . >A?>;L7>202H8AL MB8< , 0=8O =0G0;0 ?@83>B>2;5=8O : 2:;NG5=8N (;572830 2 A2>8 2;045=8O , GB> 2K720;> 2 A2>N >G5@54L ?@>B5AB =5 B>;L:> A> AB>@>=K H;57283F52 , =5 65;02H8E >B45;OBLAO >B 3>;LHB59=F52 , => 8 A> AB>@>=K @CAA88 , 2AB@88 8 =3;88 , :>B>@K5 @0AA<0B@820;8 459AB28O 0=88 :0: =0@CH5=85 >=4>=A:>3> ?@>B>:>;0 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " r e f s - 3 0 0 . h t m # 2 7 7 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 7 7 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 3 . h t m . # 2 2 4 " n a m e = " 2 2 4 " > < s t r o n g > 2 2 4 . < / s t r o n g > B5:AB5 AB0BL8 =5B>G=>ABL . > >=4>=A:><C ?@>B>:>;C , ?>4?8A0==><C 8 <0O 1 8 5 2 3 . , ?@55<=8:>< 15745B=>3> 40BA:>3> :>@>;O $@545@8:0 V I I 1K; ?@87=0= @8AB80= ;N:A1C@3A:89 (2?>A;54AB288 :>@>;L @8AB80= I X ) . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " r e f s - 3 0 0 . h t m . # 2 7 7 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 7 7 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # 2 2 5 " n a m e = " 2 2 5 " > < s t r o n g > 2 2 5 . < / s t r o n g > !>3;0A=> ?><5B:5 2 70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1 8 5 7 3 . , AB0BLO « 0AA;54>20=85 > ?KB:0E 2 =488 » 1K;0 =0?8A0=0 8< 2 8 023CAB0 , => ?> =58725AB=K< ?@8G8=0< >?C1;8:>20=0 @540:F859 « N e w - Y o r k D a i l y T r i b u n e » ?>765 AB0BL8 «=489A:>5 2>AAB0=85 » < / a > (A< . =0AB>OI89 B>< , < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # p - 2 9 6 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " >AB@ . 2 9 6 2 9 9 < / a > ) < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # 2 2 5 " > , =0 :>B>@CN @540:F8O 745AL AAK;05BAO 8 :>B>@0O 1K;0 =0?8A0=0 0@:A>< 4 A5=BO1@O . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # p - 2 7 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 7 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # 2 2 6 " n a m e = " 2 2 6 " > < s t r o n g > 2 2 6 . < / s t r o n g > « E a s t I n d i a ( t o r t u r e ) » . L o n d o n , 1 8 5 5 1 8 5 7 ( « AB -=48O (?KB:0 ) » . >=4>= , 1 8 5 5 1 8 5 7 ) . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # p - 2 7 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 7 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # 2 2 7 " n a m e = " 2 2 7 " > < s t r o n g > 2 2 7 . < / s t r o n g > « R e p o r t o f t h e C o m m i s s i o n f o r t h e I n v e s t i g a t i o n o f A l l e g e d C a s e s o f T o r t u r e a t M a d r a s » . L o n d o n , 1 8 5 5 ( «>:;04 :><8AA88 ?> @0AA;54>20=8N D0:B>2 ?@8<5=5=8O ?KB:8 , 8<52H8E <5AB> 2 04@0A5 » . >=4>= , 1 8 5 5 ) . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # p - 2 7 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 7 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # 2 2 8 " n a m e = " 2 2 8 " > < s t r o n g > 2 2 8 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >>;;5:B>@ < / e m > 0=3;89A:89 =0G0;L=8: >:@C30 2 =488 . K; =045;5= =5>3@0=8G5==>9 2;0ABLN , >1J548=OO 2 >4=>< ;8F5 DC=:F88 3;02=>3> A1>@I8:0 =0;>3>2 , 04<8=8AB@0B>@0 8 3;02=>3> AC4L8 >:@C30 . :0G5AB25 A1>@I8:0 =0;>3>2 >= ?@82;5:0; =54>8<I8:>2 : >B25BAB25==>AB8 , 2 :0G5AB25 AC4L8 2K=>A8; 8< ?@83>2>@ , 2 :0G5AB25 ?@54AB028B5;O 04<8=8AB@0B82=>9 2;0AB8 ?@82>48; ?@83>2>@ 2 8A?>;=5=85 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # p - 2 7 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 7 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # 2 2 9 " n a m e = " 2 2 9 " > < s t r o n g > 2 2 9 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > 09OB < / e m > 8=489A:89 :@5ABLO=8= ; 4> 22545=8O 0=3;89A:8<8 :>;>=870B>@0<8 =>2KE 75<5;L=> -=0;>3>2KE 70:>=>2 2 :>=F5 X V I I I =0G0;5 X I X 22 . 8 @07@CH5=8O 8<8 8=489A:>9 >1I8=K ?>;=>?@02=K9 >1I8==8: . @09>=0E , 345 A 1 7 9 3 3 . 1K;0 22545=0 B0: =07K205<0O A8AB5<0 70<8=40@AB20 (?5@2>=0G0;L=> 2 5=30;88 , 8E0@5 , @8AA5 8 ?>74=55 2 =5A:>;L:> 87<5=5==>9 D>@<5 2 !>548=5==KE 8 &5=B@0;L=KE ?@>28=F8OE 8 2 G0AB8 04@0AA:>9 ?@>28=F88 ) , @09OB AB0; 0@5=40B>@>< 75<;8 C ?><5I8:0 -70<8=40@0 . >A;5 22545=8O 2 =0G0;5 X I X 2 . 2 ><159A:>< 8 04@0AA:>< ?@57845=BAB20E 75<5;L=> -=0;>3>2>9 A8AB5<K «@09OB20@8 » @09OB O2;O;AO 45@60B5;5< 3>AC40@AB25==>9 75<;8 , C?;0G820NI8< A> A2>53> CG0AB:0 @5=BC -=0;>3 , :>B>@CN 0=3;89A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> 2 =488 CAB0=02;820;> ?> A2>5<C CA<>B@5=8N . > A8AB5<5 «@09OB20@8 » @09OBK >4=>2@5<5==> >1JO2;O;8AL 8 A>1AB25==8:0<8 0@5=4C5<KE 8<8 75<5;L . @57C;LB0B5 22545=8O MB>9 N@848G5A:8 ?@>B82>@5G82>9 75<5;L=> -=0;>3>2>9 A8AB5<K 1K; CAB0=>2;5= =0AB>;L:> 2KA>:89 75<5;L=K9 =0;>3 , GB> :@5ABLO=5 =5 1K;8 2 A>AB>O=88 C?;0B8BL 53> ; 87 -70 @>AB0 =54>8<>: :@5ABLO=A:85 75<;8 ?>AB5?5==> ?5@5E>48;8 2 @C:8 A:C?I8:>2 8 @>AB>2I8:>2 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # p - 2 7 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 7 9 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # 2 3 0 " n a m e = " 2 3 0 " > < s t r o n g > 2 3 0 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >3@0<0=B < / e m > <02@8B0=A:89 F0@L , >48= 87 ?5@A>=0659 ?>M<K @8>AB> « 58AB>2K9 >;0=4 » . 54O 2>9=C A 0@;>< 5;8:8< , 3@0<0=B >A048; 0@86 , A>A@54>B>G82 1>;LHCN G0ABL A2>8E A8; ?>4 AB5=0<8 3>@>40 . > 2A:>@5 2 ;035@5 >A0640NI8E =0G0;8AL @074>@K 8 @07=>3;0A8O , :>B>@K5 2>H;8 2 ?>3>2>@:C ; =0 MB> =0<5:05B 0@:A , A@02=820O ;035@L 0=3;8G0= C 5;8 A ;035@5< 3@0<0=B0 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # p - 2 8 5 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 8 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # 2 3 1 " n a m e = " 2 3 1 " > < s t r o n g > 2 3 1 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « T h e M o f u s s i l i t e » < / e m > ( « @>28=F80; » ) 565=545;L=0O ;815@0;L=0O 3075B0 , 2KE>48;0 A 1 8 4 5 3 . =0 0=3;89A:>< O7K:5 2 =488 , A=0G0;0 2 8@CB5 , 70B5< 2 3@5 8 <10;5 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 4 . h t m # p - 2 8 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 8 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # 2 3 2 " n a m e = " 2 3 2 " > < s t r o n g > 2 3 2 . < / s t r o n g > <55BAO 2 284C 70:>= > E0@B88 AB -=4A:>9 :><?0=88 1 8 5 3 3 . , ?> :>B>@><C <>=>?>;L=K5 ?@020 ><?0=88 2 =488 1K;8 =5A:>;L:> C@570=K . @02;5=85 AB -=4A:>9 :><?0=88 2A5 1>;LH5 ?>4G8=O;>AL 0=3;89A:>9 :>@>=5 . 8@5:B>@0 ><?0=88 ;8H0;8AL ?@020 =07=0G0BL G8=>2=8:>2 =0 4>;6=>AB8 , G8A;> 48@5:B>@>2 A>:@0B8;>AL A 2 4 4> 1 8 , 87 :>B>@KE H5ABL =07=0G0;8AL :>@>=>9 ; AB0BCA ?@54A540B5;O >=B@>;L=>3> A>25B0 < / a > (A< . ?@8<5G0=85 < a h r e f = " r e f s - 3 0 0 . h t m # 2 1 3 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > < s t r o n g > 2 1 3 < / s t r o n g > < / a > ) < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # 2 3 2 " >1K; ?@8@02=5= : AB0BCAC <8=8AB@0 ?> 45;0< =488 . 4=0:> 0:F8>=5@0< ><?0=88 >15A?5G820;AO B25@4K9 482845=4 70 AG5B 8=489A:8E =0;>3>2 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # p - 2 9 2 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 9 2 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # 2 3 3 " n a m e = " 2 3 3 " > < s t r o n g > 2 3 3 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >><159A:>< < / e m > 8 < e m > 04@0AA:>< A>25B0E < / e m > < / a >A< . ?@8<5G0=85 < s t r o n g > < a h r e f = " r e f s - 3 0 0 . h t m # 2 1 0 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 1 0 < / a > < / s t r o n g > . < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # p - 2 9 3 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 9 3 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # 2 3 4 " n a m e = " 2 3 4 " > < s t r o n g > 2 3 4 . < / s t r o n g > <55BAO 2 284C , ?> -2848<><C , 0=3;> -18@<0=A:0O 2>9=0 1 8 5 2 3 . , 2 @57C;LB0B5 :>B>@>9 : 2;045=8O< AB -=4A:>9 :><?0=88 1K;0 ?@8A>548=5=0 18@<0=A:0O ?@>28=F8O 53C . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # p - 2 9 4 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 9 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # 2 3 5 " n a m e = " 2 3 5 " > < s t r o n g > 2 3 5 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >0=455 < / e m > (70?04=0O ?@>28=F8O $@0=F88 ) D@0=FC7A:85 @>O;8ABK , 8A?>;L7CO >BAB0;>5 :@5ABLO=AB2> , ?>4=O;8 2 1 7 9 3 3 . :>=B@@52>;NF8>==K9 <OB56 , ;8:2848@>20==K9 2>9A:0<8 @5A?C1;8:0=A:>9 0@<88 , A>;40B :>B>@>9 (:0: 2>>1I5 2A5E AB>@>==8:>2 >=25=B0 ) =07K20;8 «A8=8<8 » . < b r >
< b r >
< e m >A?0=A:85 ?0@B870=K < / e m > < / a > A< . ?@8<5G0=85 < a h r e f = " r e f s - 0 5 0 . h t m # 0 5 2 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > < s t r o n g > 5 2 < / s t r o n g > < / a > . < a h r e f = " r e f s - 3 0 0 . h t m # 2 3 5 " > < b r >
< b r >
!5@1K 8 E>@20BK 2 A>AB025 0@<89 0OG8G0 8 ;0G8G0 ?@8=8<0;8 CG0AB85 2 ?>402;5=88 @52>;NF8>==>3> 42865=8O 2 5=3@88 8 2AB@88 2 ?5@8>4 @52>;NF88 1 8 4 8 1 8 4 9 3>4>2 . 5=35@A:>5 >1C@6C0782H55AO 42>@O=AB2> >B25@3;> B@51>20=8O A5@1>2 8 E>@20B>2 > ?@54>AB02;5=88 8< =0F8>=0;L=>9 =57028A8<>AB8 , GB> 40;> 2>7<>6=>ABL 02AB@89A:>9 @50:F88 8A?>;L7>20BL 2 A2>8E 8=B5@5A0E A5@1A:85 8 E>@20BA:85 2>9A:0 4;O ?>402;5=8O 2>AAB0=89 2 C40?5HB5 8 5=5 . < b r >
< b r >
< e m > >18;L=0O 320@48O < / e m > 1K;0 A>740=0 45:@5B>< D@0=FC7A:>3> 2@5<5==>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 >B 2 5 D52@0;O 1 8 4 8 3 . 4;O 1>@L1K ?@>B82 @52>;NF8>==> =0AB@>5==KE =0@>4=KE <0AA . -B8 >B@O4K , A>AB>O2H85 2 >A=>2=>< 87 ;N<?5= -?@>;5B0@852 , 1K;8 8A?>;L7>20=K 4;O ?>402;5=8O 8N=LA:>3> 2>AAB0=8O ?0@86A:8E @01>G8E . 5=5@0; 025=LO: , O2;OOAL 2>5==K< <8=8AB@>< , ;8G=> @C:>2>48; @0A?@02>9 =04 @01>G8<8 . ';5=K B09=>3> 1>=0?0@B8ABA:>3> 1I5AB20 1 0 45:01@O < / a > (A< . ?@8<5G0=85 < s t r o n g > < a h r e f = " r e f s - 0 5 0 . h t m # 0 3 0 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 0 < / a > < / s t r o n g > ) < a h r e f = " r e f s - 3 0 0 . h t m # 2 3 5 " > 1K;8 0:B82=K<8 >@30=870B>@0<8 <0AA>2KE @5?@5AA89 2 >B=>H5=88 @5A?C1;8:0=F52 8 >A>15==> CG0AB=8:>2 @52>;NF88 1 8 4 8 3>40 ; MB8 @5?@5AA88 ?@>2>48;8AL 2> $@0=F88 ?>A;5 871@0=8O C8 >=0?0@B0 ?@57845=B>< 8 ?>A;5 3>AC40@AB25==>3> ?5@52>@>B0 2 45:01@O 1 8 5 1 3>40 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # p - 2 9 6 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 9 6 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # 2 3 6 " n a m e = " 2 3 6 " > < s t r o n g > 2 3 6 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >0<8=40@K < / e m > ?@8 8<?5@88 5;8:8E >3>;>2 D5>40;K , 3;02=K< >1@07>< 87 ?>:>@5==KE 8=4CA>2 , 70 :>B>@K<8 A>E@0=8;>AL ?@02> =0 =0A;54AB25==>5 45@60=85 75<;8 ?@8 CA;>288 C?;0BK ?@028B5;LAB2C >?@545;5==>9 4>;8 @5=BK -=0;>30 , A>18@02H53>AO 8<8 A C3=5B5==KE :@5ABLO= . "5@<8= «70<8=40@K » 1K; @0A?@>AB@0=5= B0:65 =0 :@C?=KE >B:C?I8:>2 75<5;L=>3> =0;>30 2 5=30;88 . 1 7 9 3 3 . 0=3;89A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> , ?@52@0B82 70:>=>< « ?>AB>O==>< 70<8=40@AB25 » >B:C?I8:>2 -70<8=40@>2 2 ?><5I8:>2 -A>1AB25==8:>2 , A45;0;> 8E :;0AA>2>9 >?>@>9 0=3;89A:8E :>;>=80;L=KE 2;0AB59 . > <5@5 702>520=8O 0=3;8G0=0<8 =488 , A8AB5<0 70<8=40@AB20 2 =5A:>;L:> 87<5=5==>9 D>@<5 22>48;0AL 8 2 =5:>B>@KE 4@C38E >1;0ABOE AB@0=K . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # p - 2 9 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 9 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # 2 3 7 " n a m e = " 2 3 7 " > < s t r o n g > 2 3 7 . < / s t r o n g > > 2@5<O ?>402;5=8O 2>AAB0=8O 2 ;68@5 2 1 8 4 5 3 . 35=5@0; 5;8AL5 , 2?>A;54AB288 <0@H0; $@0=F88 , ?@8:070; 704CH8BL 4K<>< :>AB@>2 BKAOGC 0@01A:8E ?>2AB0=F52 , C:@K2H8EAO 2 3>@=KE ?5I5@0E . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # p - 2 9 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 9 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # 2 3 8 " n a m e = " 2 3 8 " > < s t r o n g > 2 3 8 . < / s t r o n g > <55BAO 2 284C A>G8=5=85 0O .;8O &570@O : « C o m m e n t a r i i d e b e l l o G a l l i c o » ( «0?8A:8 > 30;;LA:>9 2>9=5 » ) . $0:B , > :>B>@>< 745AL ?>25AB2C5BAO , A>45@68BAO 2 :=835 8 , =0?8A0==>9 1K2H8< ;530B>< &570@O , 53> 4@C3>< . 8@F85< , ?@>4>;682H8< 53> 70?8A:8 > 30;;LA:>9 2>9=5 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # p - 2 9 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 9 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # 2 3 9 " n a m e = " 2 3 9 " > < s t r o n g > 2 3 9 . < / s t r o n g > 0@:A 8<55B 2 284C C3>;>2=>5 C;>65=85 0@;0 V ( C o n s t i t u t i o c r i m i n a l i s C a r o l i n a ) , ?@8=OB>5 35@<0=A:8< @59EAB03>< 2 535=A1C@35 2 1 5 3 2 3>4C ; MB> C;>65=85 >B;8G0;>AL :@09=59 65AB>:>ABLN =0:070=89 . W . B l a c k s t o n e . « C o m m e n t a r i e s o n t h e L a w s o f E n g l a n d » . V o l . I I V (# . ;M:AB>= . «><<5=B0@88 : 0=3;89A:8< 70:>=0< » . "B . I I V ) . 5@2>5 8740=85 2KH;> 2 >=4>=5 2 1 7 6 5 1 7 6 9 3>40E . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # p - 2 9 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 9 9 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # 2 4 0 " n a m e = " 2 4 0 " > < s t r o n g > 2 4 0 . < / s t r o n g > 60335@=0CB (8=489A:>5 =0720=85 6030==0BE ) >4=0 87 D>@< 8=4CAA:>3> 1>30 8H=C . =0<5=8B>5 <5AB> ?>:;>=5=8O 60335@=0CBC E@0< 2 <5AB5G:5 C@8 >:>;> 3 . 0BB0:0 (>AB>G=0O =48O ) . @5FK E@0<0 , ?>;L7>202H85AO ?>:@>28B5;LAB2>< AB -=4A:>9 :><?0=88 , ?>;CG0;8 :@C?=K5 4>E>4K >B <0AA>2>3> ?0;><=8G5AB20 (?>>I@OO ?@8 MB>< ?@>AB8BCF8N 682H8E ?@8 E@0<5 65=I8= ) , 0 B0:65 >B CAB@>9AB20 ?KH=KE ?@074=5AB2 2 G5ABL 60335@=0CB0 . A>15==> 1>;LH>5 G8A;> ?0;><=8:>2 ?@82;5:05B ?@074=8: 0BE0OB@0 , :>340 84>; 60335@=0CB0 2K2>78BAO =0 3@><04=>9 :>;5A=8F5 , ?>4 :>;5A0 :>B>@>9 1@>A0NBAO 2 M:AB075 25@CNI85 D0=0B8:8 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # p - 2 9 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 9 9 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # 2 4 1 " n a m e = " 2 4 1 " > < s t r o n g > 2 4 1 . < / s t r o n g > >F0@B , >?5@0 « >E8I5=85 87 A5@0;O » , 459AB285 B@5BL5 , AF5=0 V I , 0@8O A<8=0 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 5 . h t m # p - 2 9 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 2 9 9 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 4 2 " n a m e = " 2 4 2 " > < s t r o n g > 2 4 2 . < / s t r o n g > 540:F8O « N e w - Y o r k D a i l y T r i b u n e » , :>B>@>9 ?@8=04;568B MB0 D@070 , 8<5;0 2 284C A2>53> ?>AB>O==>3> :>@@5A?>=45=B0 , 25=35@A:>3> ?8A0B5;O 8 6C@=0;8AB0 $@0=F0 C;LA:>3> , ?>A;5 ?>@065=8O 25=35@A:>9 @52>;NF88 1 8 4 8 3 . 682H53> 2 M<83@0F88 2 !( . C;LA:89 4020; 2 3075BC >17>@K 3;02=K< >1@07>< =0 <564C=0@>4=K5 B5<K . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 0 4 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 0 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 4 3 " n a m e = " 2 4 3 " > < s t r o n g > 2 4 3 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >C@:8 < / e m > (8;8 3C@:E8 ) =0@>4=>ABL , A>AB02;ONI0O >A=>2=>5 =0A5;5=85 5?0;0 . '0ABL 3C@:>2 6825B 2 =488 2 HB0B5 #BB0@ - @045H (1K2H85 !>548=5==K5 ?@>28=F88 @8B0=A:>9 =488 ) 8 A>A54=8E A 5?0;>< @09>=0E 0?04=>9 5=30;8; . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 0 5 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 0 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 4 4 " n a m e = " 2 4 4 " > < s t r o n g > 2 4 4 . < / s t r o n g > 0@:A 8<55B 2 284C , ?> -2848<><C , < e m > « T h e C a l c u t t a G a z e t t e » < / e m > ( «0;L:CBBA:CN 3075BC » ) 0=3;89A:CN 3075BC , 8740202HCNAO 2 5=30;88 A 1 7 8 4 3 . 8 O2;O2HCNAO >D8F80;L=K< >@30=>< 0=3;89A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 2 =488 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 0 5 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 0 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 4 5 " n a m e = " 2 4 5 " > < s t r o n g > 2 4 5 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > CE0@@0< < / e m > ?5@2K9 <5AOF <CAC;L<0=A:>3> ;C==>3> 3>40 ; ?5@2K5 45AOBL 4=59 MB>3> <5AOF0 AG8B0NBAO A2OI5==K<8 2 7=0: B@0C@0 , A2O70==>3> A ;535=40<8 > 3815;8 8<0<0 %CA59=0 . MB8 4=8 CAB@0820NBAO @5;838>7=K5 F5@5<>=88 , >1KG=> A>?@>2>640NI85AO A0<>8ABO70=8O<8 . 5@2K9 45=L CE0@@0<0 45=L >2>3> 3>40 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 0 6 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 0 6 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 4 6 " n a m e = " 2 4 6 " > < s t r o n g > 2 4 6 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > 0@0BE8 < / e m > 8=489A:0O =0@>4=>ABL , 70=8<02H0O B5@@8B>@8N 2 A525@>70?04=>9 G0AB8 5:0=0 . ! A5@548=K X V I I 2 . =0G0;0 2>>@C65==CN 1>@L1C ?@>B82 GC6575<=>3> 3>A?>4AB20 <>3>;LA:8E D5>40;>2 , =0=5AO A5@L57=K9 C40@ 8<?5@88 5;8:8E >3>;>2 8 A?>A>1AB2CO 55 @0A?04C . E>45 MB>9 1>@L1K 1K;> A>740=> =57028A8<>5 3>AC40@AB2> <0@0BE>2 , D5>40;L=0O 25@ECH:0 :>B>@>3> 2A:>@5 2AB0;0 =0 ?CBL 702>520B5;L=KE 2>9= . :>=F5 X V I I 2 . <0@0BEA:>5 3>AC40@AB2> 1K;> >A;01;5=> D5>40;L=K<8 CA>18F0<8 , => 2 =0G0;5 X V I I I 2 . 2=>2L A;>68;>AL A8;L=>5 >1J548=5=85 <0@0BEA:8E :=O65AB2 2> 3;025 A 25@E>2=K< ?@028B5;5< ?5H2>9 . 0@0BEA:85 D5>40;K , 254O 1>@L1C A 0D30=F0<8 70 3535<>=8N 2 =488 , ?>B5@?5;8 2 1 7 6 1 3 . 65AB>:>5 ?>@065=85 . 15A:@>2;5==K5 CG0AB85< 2 1>@L15 70 2;04KG5AB2> =04 =4859 8 2=CB@5==8<8 @0A?@O<8 D5>40;>2 , <0@0BEA:85 :=O65AB20 A45;0;8AL 4>1KG59 AB -=4A:>9 :><?0=88 , ?>4G8=82H59 8E 2 @57C;LB0B5 0=3;> -<0@0BEA:>9 2>9=K 1 8 0 3 1 8 0 5 3>4>2 . 45AL 8<5NBAO 2 284C <0@0BEA:85 :=O7LO "C:0468 I I %>;:0@ 0 ;8 60 680468 !8=4E8O . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 0 7 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 0 7 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 4 7 " n a m e = " 2 4 7 " > < s t r o n g > 2 4 7 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >D30=A:0O :0B0AB@>D0 < / e m > < / a > A< . ?@8<5G0=85 < s t r o n g > < a h r e f = " r e f s - 2 0 0 . h t m # 1 1 7 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 1 1 7 < / a > < / s t r o n g > . < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 0 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 0 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 4 8 " n a m e = " 2 4 8 " > < s t r o n g > 2 4 8 . < / s t r o n g > @8 =0?8A0=88 40==>9 AB0BL8 0@:A 8A?>;L7>20; <0B5@80; > E>45 2>AAB0=8O 2 =488 , A>>1I5==K9 5<C -=35;LA>< 2 ?8AL<5 >B 2 4 A5=BO1@O 1 8 5 7 3>40 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 0 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 0 9 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 4 9 " n a m e = " 2 4 9 " > < s t r o n g > 2 4 9 . < / s t r o n g > 0==0O AB0BLO =0G8=05BAO D@07>9 , ?@8=04;560I59 @540:F88 « N e w - Y o r k D a i l y T r i b u n e » : «G5@0 <K ?>;CG8;8 :><?;5:BK ;>=4>=A:8E 3075B 4> 7 >:BO1@O » . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 1 3 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 1 3 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 5 0 " n a m e = " 2 5 0 " > < s t r o n g > 2 5 0 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >>01 < / e m > (2C@5GL5 ) 2 40==>< A;CG05 8<55BAO 2 284C B5@@8B>@8O 2 =488 <564C @5:0<8 0=3>< 8 60<=>9 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 1 7 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 1 7 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 5 1 " n a m e = " 2 5 1 " > < s t r o n g > 2 5 1 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >!0=B0;K < / e m > =0@>4=>ABL =488 4@0284A:>3> ?@>8AE>645=8O . !0=B0;K 682CB 2 3>@8ABKE <5AB=>ABOE 0?04=>9 5=30;88 , 8E0@0 8 !525@=>9 @8AAK . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 1 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 1 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 5 2 " n a m e = " 2 5 2 " > < s t r o n g > 2 5 2 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « T h e F r i e n d o f I n d i a » < / e m > ( «@C3 =488 » ) 0=3;89A:0O 3075B0 , >A=>20=0 2 !5@0<?C@5 (5=30;8O ) 2 1 8 1 8 3>4C ; 2 5 0 -E 3>40E 2KE>48;0 >48= @07 2 =545;N , 8<5;0 1C@6C07=> -;815@0;L=>5 =0?@02;5=85 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 1 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 1 9 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 5 3 " n a m e = " 2 5 3 " > < s t r o n g > 2 5 3 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « M i l i t a r y S p e c t a t o r » < / e m > ( «>5==K9 >1>7@520B5;L » ) 0=3;89A:0O 565=545;L=0O 2>5==0O 3075B0 , 2KE>48;0 2 >=4>=5 A 1 8 5 7 ?> 1 8 5 8 3>4 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 1 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 1 9 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 5 4 " n a m e = " 2 5 4 " > < s t r o n g > 2 5 4 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « T h e B o m b a y C o u r i e r » < / e m > ( «><159A:89 :C@L5@ » ) 0=3;89A:0O ?@028B5;LAB25==0O 3075B0 , >@30= AB -=4A:>9 :><?0=88 ; >A=>20=0 2 1 7 9 0 3>4C . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 2 1 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 2 1 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # 2 5 5 " n a m e = " 2 5 5 " > < s t r o n g > 2 5 5 . < / s t r o n g > -B0 B01;8F0 , A>AB02;5==0O 0@:A>< , 1K;0 ?>A;0=0 8< 2 « N e w - Y o r k D a i l y T r i b u n e » , ?> -2848<><C , >4=>2@5<5==> A 40==>9 AB0BL59 , => =0?5G0B0=0 @540:F859 >B45;L=> 2 B>< 65 =><5@5 3075BK =0 AB@ . 6 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 7 . h t m # p - 3 2 2 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 2 2 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # 2 5 6 " n a m e = " 2 5 6 " > < s t r o n g > 2 5 6 . < / s t r o n g > 70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1 8 5 7 3 . AB0BLO >703;02;5=0 «5=56=K9 :@878A 2 =3;88 . @8>AB0=>2:0 459AB28O 70:>=0 8;O » . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # p - 3 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 3 1 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # 2 5 7 " n a m e = " 2 5 7 " > < s t r o n g > 2 5 7 . < / s t r o n g > 0;55 A;54C5B D@070 , 4>102;5==0O @540:F859 « N e w - Y o r k D a i l y T r i b u n e » : «-B0 B>G:0 7@5=8O ?>4B25@6405BAO 8725AB8O<8 , 4>AB02;5==K<8 ?0@>E>4>< «$C;B>= » , :>B>@K5 1K;8 ?5@540=K =0< ?> B5;53@0DC 8 ?><5I5=K A53>4=O CB@>< =0 AB@0=8F0E =0H59 3075BK » . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # p - 3 3 1 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 3 1 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # 2 5 8 " n a m e = " 2 5 8 " > < s t r o n g > 2 5 8 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « T h e G l o b e » < / e m > A>:@0I5==>5 =0720=85 0=3;89A:>9 5654=52=>9 3075BK « T h e G l o b e a n d T r a v e l l e r » ( «5<=>9 H0@ 8 ?CB5H5AB25==8: » ) , 2KE>482H59 2 >=4>=5 A 1 8 0 3 3>40 ; >@30= 283>2 , 2 ?5@8>4K ?@02;5=8O MB>9 ?0@B88 ?@028B5;LAB25==0O 3075B0 ; A 1 8 6 6 3 . >@30= :>=A5@20B>@>2 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # p - 3 3 4 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 3 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # 2 5 9 " n a m e = " 2 5 9 " > < s t r o n g > 2 5 9 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > 8=A8=3 -;59= < / e m > C;8F0 2 >=4>=5 , F5=B@ >?B>2>9 B>@3>2;8 :>;>=80;L=K<8 B>20@0<8 . « T h e S t a n d a r d » ( «=0<O » ) 0=3;89A:0O 5654=52=0O 3075B0 :>=A5@20B82=>3> =0?@02;5=8O , >A=>20=0 2 >=4>=5 2 1 8 2 7 3>4C . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # p - 3 3 4 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 3 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # 2 6 0 " n a m e = " 2 6 0 " > < s t r o n g > 2 6 0 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « T h e F r e e P r e s s » < / e m > ( «!2>1>4=0O ?@5AA0 » ) 0=3;89A:0O 1C@6C07=0O 3075B0 , 874020;0AL #@:0@B>< 8 53> AB>@>==8:0<8 2 >=4>=5 A 1 8 5 5 ?> 1 8 6 5 3>4 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # p - 3 3 5 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 3 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # 2 6 1 " n a m e = " 2 6 1 " > < s t r o n g > 2 6 1 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >"0<>65==K9 A>N7 < / e m > =5<5F:8E 3>AC40@AB2 , CAB0=>282H8E >1ICN B0<>65==CN 3@0=8FC , 1K; >A=>20= 2 1 8 3 4 3>4C . K720==K9 : 687=8 =5>1E>48<>ABLN A>740=8O >1I535@<0=A:>3> @K=:0 , >= A> 2@5<5=5< >E20B8; 2A5 =5<5F:85 3>AC40@AB20 , 70 8A:;NG5=85< 2AB@88 8 =5:>B>@KE <5;:8E 3>AC40@AB2 . ;025=AB2CNICN @>;L 2 A>N75 83@0;0 @CAA8O . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # p - 3 3 6 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 3 6 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # 2 6 2 " n a m e = " 2 6 2 " > < s t r o n g > 2 6 2 . < / s t r o n g > 0@:A 8<55B 2 284C 45:@5B , ?>4?8A0==K9 0?>;5>=>< I I I 1 0 =>O1@O 1 8 5 7 3>40 . -B8< 45:@5B>< >B<5=O;>AL 459AB285 70:>=>2 >B 8 A5=BO1@O 1 8 5 6 3 . 8 2 2 A5=BO1@O 1 8 5 7 3 . , 70?@5I02H8E 2K2>7 75@=0 , <C:8 8 4@C38E ?8I52KE ?@>4C:B>2 70 3@0=8FC . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # p - 3 3 6 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 3 6 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # 2 6 3 " n a m e = " 2 6 3 " > < s t r o n g > 2 6 3 . < / s t r o n g > 0;55 A;54C5B D@070 , ?@8=04;560I0O @540:F88 « N e w - Y o r k D a i l y T r i b u n e » : «A;8 <K =5 >H8105<AO , =5GB> ?>4>1=>5 =01;N40;>AL 8 2 40==>9 AB@0=5 , :>340 D8;>A>DK , ?>4>1=K5 =0H8< :>;;530< 87 « T i m e s » 8 « I n d e p e n d e n t » , 4C<0;8 , GB> 2>7<>6=> ?@54C?@548BL :0B0AB@>DC , AB>8B B>;L:> =0@>4C =0?CAB8BL =0 A51O 25A5;>ABL 8 B@864K ?@>:@8G0BL «C@0 » » . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 8 . h t m # p - 3 3 6 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 3 6 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 6 4 " h r e f = " 0 3 9 . h t m # 2 6 4 " > < s t r o n g > 2 6 4 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >=:5@<0= < / e m > < / a >A< . ?@8<5G0=85 < s t r o n g > < a h r e f = " r e f s - 2 0 0 . h t m # 1 2 0 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 1 2 0 < / a > < / s t r o n g > . < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 9 . h t m # p - 3 3 7 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 3 7 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = 2 6 5 h r e f = " 0 3 9 . h t m # 2 6 5 " > < s t r o n g > 2 6 5 . < / s t r o n g > 2 5 ( 1 3 ) >:BO1@O 1 8 5 4 3 . ?>4 < e m >0;0:;02>9 < / e m > ?@>87>H;> A@065=85 <564C @CAA:8<8 8 A>N7=K<8 2>9A:0<8 ; 2 MB>< A@065=88 0=3;8G0=5 , =5A<>B@O =0 2K3>4=>ABL ?>78F89 , ?>=5A;8 1>;LH85 ?>B5@8 87 -70 >H81>: 0=3;89A:>3> :><0=4>20=8O , ?@8254H8E : 3815;8 0=3;89A:>9 ;53:>9 :020;5@88 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 9 . h t m # p - 3 3 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 3 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 6 6 " h r e f = " 0 3 9 . h t m # 2 6 6 " > < s t r o n g > 2 6 6 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « T h e B o m b a y G a z e t t e » < / e m > ( «><159A:0O 3075B0 » ) 0=3;89A:0O 3075B0 2 =488 , >A=>20=0 2 1 7 9 1 3>4C . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 3 9 . h t m # p - 3 4 1 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 4 1 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = 2 6 7 h r e f = " 0 4 0 . h t m # 2 6 7 " > < s t r o n g > 2 6 7 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « N o r t h B r i t i s h D a i l y M a i l » < / e m > ( «!525@=0O 1@8B0=A:0O 5654=52=0O ?>GB0 » ) 0=3;89A:0O 1C@6C07=0O 3075B0 , >A=>20=0 2 ;073> 2 1 8 4 7 3>4C ; >@30= ;815@0;L=>9 1C@6C0788 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 0 . h t m # p - 3 4 7 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 4 7 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = 2 6 8 h r e f = " 0 4 0 . h t m # 2 6 8 " > < s t r o n g > 2 6 8 . < / s t r o n g > 0@:A 8<55B 2 284C @O4 @01>B 0=3;89A:>3> 1C@6C07=>3> M:>=><8AB0 " . "C:0 , =>AOI8E >1I55 =0720=85 «AB>@8O F5= » : « A H i s t o r y o f P r i c e s , a n d o f t h e S t a t e o f C i r c u l a t i o n , f r o m 1 7 9 3 t o 1 8 3 7 » . V o l . I I I , L o n d o n , 1 8 3 8 ( «AB>@8O F5= 8 A>AB>O=85 45=56=>3> >1@0I5=8O A 1 7 9 3 ?> 1 8 3 7 3>4 » . "B . I I I , >=4>= , 1 8 3 8 ) , « A H i s t o r y o f P r i c e s , a n d o f t h e S t a t e o f t h e C i r c u l a t i o n , i n 1 8 3 8 a n d 1 8 3 9 » . L o n d o n , 1 8 4 0 ( «AB>@8O F5= 8 A>AB>O=85 45=56=>3> >1@0I5=8O 2 1 8 3 8 8 1 8 3 9 3>40E » . >=4>= , 1 8 4 0 ) , « A H i s t o r y o f P r i c e s , a n d o f t h e S t a t e o f t h e C i r c u l a t i o n , f r o m 1 8 3 9 t o 1 8 4 7 i n c l u s i v e » . L o n d o n , 1 8 4 8 ( «AB>@8O F5= 8 A>AB>O=85 45=56=>3> >1@0I5=8O A 1 8 3 9 ?> 1 8 4 7 3 . 2;NG8B5;L=> » . >=4>= , 1 8 4 8 ) 8 " . T o o k e a n d W . N e w m a r c h . « A H i s t o r y o f P r i c e s a n d o f t h e S t a t e o f t h e C i r c u l a t i o n , d u r i n g t h e N i n e Y e a r s 1 8 4 8 1 8 5 6 » . V o l . V V I , L o n d o n . 1 8 5 7 (" . "C: 8 # . LN<0@G . «AB>@8O F5= 8 A>AB>O=85 45=56=>3> >1@0I5=8O 2 B5G5=85 452OB8 ;5B A 1 8 4 8 ?> 1 8 5 6 3>4 » . "B . V V I , >=4>= , 1 8 5 7 ) . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 0 . h t m # p - 3 4 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 4 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = 2 6 9 h r e f = " 0 4 1 . h t m # 2 6 9 " > < s t r o n g > 2 6 9 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >><10@4 -AB@8B < / e m > =0720=85 C;8FK 2 >=4>=5 , =0 :>B>@>9 =0E>4OBAO :@C?=K5 10=:8 8 CG5B=K5 4><0 . !8=>=8< ;>=4>=A:>3> 45=56=>3> @K=:0 . >B;8G85 >B =3;89A:>3> 10=:0 , :>B>@K9 CG8BK20; ;8HL ?@8=04;560I85 10=:0< ?5@2>:;0AA=K5 25:A5;O , =0 ><10@4 -AB@8B CG8BK20;8AL 2A5 25:A5;O , ?@8G5< CG5B=K9 ?@>F5=B 745AL , O2;OOAL B0: =07K205<K< @K=>G=K< ?@>F5=B>< , 2A5340 1K; 2KH5 CG5B=>3> ?@>F5=B0 =3;89A:>3> 10=:0 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 1 . h t m # p - 3 5 7 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 5 7 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = 2 7 0 h r e f = " 0 4 1 . h t m # 2 7 0 " > < s t r o n g > 2 7 0 . < / s t r o n g > 0@:A F8B8@C5B ?8AL<> -=35;LA0 >B 1 7 45:01@O 1 8 5 7 3 . (?5@5D@078@>20=> ) ; 2 AB0BL5 8A?>;L7CNBAO 8 4@C385 D0:BK 87 ?8AL<0 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 1 . h t m # p - 3 5 8 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 5 8 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = 2 7 1 h r e f = " 0 4 1 . h t m # 2 7 1 " > < s t r o n g > 2 7 1 . < / s t r o n g > 03;0285 40=> ?> 70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1 8 5 7 3>4 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 1 . h t m # p - 3 6 0 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 6 0 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = 2 7 2 h r e f = " 0 4 1 . h t m # 2 7 2 " > < s t r o n g > 2 7 2 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « O p i n i o n e » < / e m > ( « =5=85 » ) 8B0;LO=A:0O 5654=52=0O 3075B0 , >A=>20=0 2 1 8 4 8 3 . 2 "C@8=5 , >@30= ;815@0;L=> -<>=0@E8G5A:>9 ?0@B88 02C@0 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 1 . h t m # p - 3 6 3 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 6 3 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = 2 7 3 h r e f = " 0 4 1 . h t m # 2 7 3 " > < s t r o n g > 2 7 3 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > C r & e a c u t e ; d i t F o n c i e r < / e m > ( >75<5;L=K9 :@548B ) D@0=FC7A:89 0:F8>=5@=K9 10=: . #G@5645= 2 1 8 5 2 3 . =0 1075 1K2H53> ?0@86A:>3> >75<5;L=>3> 10=:0 . C r & e a c u t e ; d i t F o n c i e r ?@54>AB02;O; :@0B:>A@>G=K5 8 4>;3>A@>G=K5 AAC4K (A@>:>< =0 5 0 ;5B ) ?>4 70;>3 =542868<>9 A>1AB25==>AB8 A C?;0B>9 >?@545;5==>3> ?@>F5=B0 . C r & e a c u t e ; d i t F o n c i e r ?>;CG0; 7=0G8B5;L=CN AC1A848N >B ?@028B5;LAB20 . < b r >
< b r >
< e m > C o m p t o i r N a t i o n a l d ' E s c o m p t e d e P a r i s < / e m > ( 0F8>=0;L=0O ?0@86A:0O CG5B=0O :>=B>@0 ) >A=>20=0 2 1 8 4 8 3>4C ; ?5@2>=0G0;L=> CG8BK20;0 25:A5;O A 42C<O ?>4?8AO<8 8 4020;0 :@548B ?>4 70;>3 B>20@>2 , E@0=82H8EAO 2 >1I5AB25==KE A:;040E . @8 0?>;5>=5 I I I ?@8>1@5;0 D>@<C 0:F8>=5@=>3> >1I5AB20 (A 1 8 5 3 3 . ) 8 ?>;CG8;0 ?@828;538N 2K4020BL AAC4K ?>4 D@0=FC7A:85 @5=B=K5 1C<038 , 0:F88 8;8 >1;830F88 ?@><KH;5==KE 8;8 :@548B=KE 0:F8>=5@=KE :><?0=89 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 1 . h t m # p - 3 6 4 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 6 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # 2 7 4 " n a m e = " 2 7 4 " > < s t r o n g > 2 7 4 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > 5AA -E0CA < / e m > ?><5I5=85 >D8F5@A:>3> :;C10 8 AB>;>2>9 2>5==>3> 30@=87>=0 3>@>40 0:=0C . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # p - 3 6 6 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 6 6 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # 2 7 5 " n a m e = " 2 7 5 " > < s t r o n g > 2 7 5 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >8B20 ?>4 ;L<>9 < / e m > , 2 :>B>@>9 @CAA:85 2AB@5B8;8AL A A8;0<8 D@0=FC7>2 8 0=3;8G0= , ?@>87>H;0 2 0 ( 8 ) A5=BO1@O 1 8 5 4 3>40 ; 1K;0 2K83@0=0 A>N7=8G5A:>9 0@<859 , 1;03>40@O 55 G8A;5==><C ?5@525AC 8 7=0G8B5;L=><C 2>5==><C ?@58<CI5AB2C , 0 B0:65 87 -70 15740@=>AB8 @CAA:>3> :><0=4>20=8O . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # p - 3 7 1 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 7 1 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # 2 7 6 " n a m e = " 2 7 6 " > < s t r o n g > 2 7 6 . < / s t r o n g > 0<>: < e m >#3C<>= < / e m > 8 D5@<0 < e m >0 -- -!5=B < / e m > ?C=:BK =0 ?>4ABC?0E : 45@52=5 0B5@;>> >:070;8AL C4>1=K<8 5AB5AB25==K<8 C:@5?;5=8O<8 4;O A>N7=8G5A:8E 2>9A: 2> 2@5<O 18B2K ?@8 0B5@;>> 1 8 8N=O 1 8 1 5 3>40 . 0I8B=8:8 >1>8E C:@5?;5=89 ?>:070;8 >1@075F C?>@=>9 >1>@>=K , =5A<>B@O =0 <0;>G8A;5==>ABL A2>8E A8; (2 #3C<>=5 =0AG8BK20;>AL 2A53> 7 @>B 8 1 10B0;L>= , 0 2 0 -- -!5=B 1 10B0;L>= ) . @57C;LB0B5 D@0=FC70< B0: 8 =5 C40;>AL >2;045BL ?5@2K< C:@5?;5=85< 8 ;8HL ?>A;5 C?>@=>3> 8 ?@>4>;68B5;L=>3> 1>O >=8 27O;8 2B>@>5 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # p - 3 7 2 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 7 2 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # 2 7 7 " n a m e = " 2 7 7 " > < s t r o n g > 2 7 7 . < / s t r o n g > 18B25 ?@8 < e m >>@>48=> < / e m > 7 A5=BO1@O ( 2 6 023CAB0 ) 1 8 1 2 3 . 0@<8O 0?>;5>=0 ?>B5@O;0 >:>;> ?>;>28=K A2>53> A>AB020 8 0@<8O CBC7>20 A2KH5 B@5B8 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # p - 3 7 2 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 7 2 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # 2 7 8 " n a m e = " 2 7 8 " > < s t r o n g > 2 7 8 . < / s t r o n g > >:BO1@5 1 8 3 2 3 . 0=3;> -D@0=FC7A:85 8 G0AB8G=> 15;L389A:85 2>9A:0 1;>:8@>20;8 3>;;0=4A:85 ?>@BK 8 >A048;8 F8B045;L =B25@?5=0 A F5;LN 70AB028BL 845@;0=4K 2K?>;=8BL CA;>285 >=4>=A:>3> B@0:B0B0 1 8 3 1 3 . > ?@87=0=88 =57028A8<>AB8 5;L388 8 > ?5@540G5 59 < e m >=B25@?5=0 < / e m > . @>O282 <=>3> B25@4>AB8 8 C?>@AB20 2 >1>@>=5 :@5?>AB8 , 3>;;0=4FK A40;8 55 2 :>=F5 45:01@O 1 8 3 2 3 . , ;8HL ?>A;5 B>3> :0: 2 =59 >AB0;8AL >4=8 @0720;8=K . < b r >
< b r >
> 2@5<O >A04K 5=5F88 , 2>AAB02H59 2 <0@B5 1 8 4 8 3 . ?@>B82 02AB@89A:>3> 2;04KG5AB20 , 3;02=K9 C40@ 02AB@89A:8E 2>9A: 8>4 :><0=4>20=85< 35=5@0;0 09=0C 1K; =0?@02;5= ?@>B82 D>@B0 < e m > 0;L35@0 < / e m > . 0@=87>= D>@B0 , 0:B82=> >1>@>=OOAL , 2K45@60; 4;8B5;L=CN >A04C 8 A40; D>@B ;8HL 2 <05 1 8 4 9 3 . , ?>A;5 B>3> :0: 2 =5< 1K;8 @07@CH5=K 2A5 C:@5?;5=8O 8 2K2545=0 87 AB@>O 1>;LH0O G0ABL >@C489 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # p - 3 8 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 8 9 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # 2 7 9 " n a m e = " 2 7 9 " > < s t r o n g > 2 7 9 . < / s t r o n g > =0G0;5 1 8 1 3 3 . =5<5F:85 8 @CAA:85 2>9A:0 H5AB>9 0=B8D@0=FC7A:>9 :>0;8F88 >1;>68;8 3>@>4 0=F83 , 70=OBK9 D@0=FC70<8 , => 2AB@5B8;8AL A =5>1K:=>25==> C?>@=>9 >1>@>=>9 , >@30=87>20==>9 =0 ?>4ABC?0E : 3>@>4C . >@>4 =0E>48;AO =0 >A04=>< ?>;>65=88 1 1 , 5 <5AOF52 , 2 B5G5=85 :>B>@KE D@0=FC7A:85 2>9A:0 ?>4 :><0=4>20=85< 35=5@0;0 0??0 2K45@60;8 B@8 ?@028;L=KE >A04K . >B5@8 D@0=FC7>2 8AG8A;O;8AL 2 1 9 BKAOG , ?>B5@8 A>N7=8:>2 2 1 0 BKAOG G5;>25: . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # p - 3 8 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 8 9 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # 2 8 0 " n a m e = " 2 8 0 " > < s t r o n g > 2 8 0 . < / s t r o n g > 5GL 845B > A>1KB8OE @K<A:>9 2>9=K . > 2@5<O =5C40G=>3> HBC@<0 A>N7=8:0<8 3 -3> 10AB8>=0 A520AB>?>;LA:8E C:@5?;5=89 (B0: =07K205<>3> >;LH>3> 540=0 ) 1 8 ( 6 ) 8N=O 1 8 5 5 3 . #8=4E5< :><0=4>20; 0=3;89A:>9 1@8304>9 , => 459AB2>20; G@572KG09=> 2O;> 8 :@><5 B>3> 2 @0730@ 1>O A>25@H8; 425 A><=8B5;L=K5 ?>574:8 2 BK; , O:>1K 70 ?>4:@5?;5=8O<8 < / a > (A< . B0:65 =0AB>OI89 B>< , AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 9 5 4 0 0 < / a > ) . < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # p - 3 9 0 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 9 0 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # 2 8 1 " n a m e = " 2 8 1 " > < s t r o n g > 2 8 1 . < / s t r o n g > 5GL 845B > ?0@;0<5=BA:>< 0:B5 1 8 3 3 3 . , :>B>@K9 ;8H8; AB -=4A:CN :><?0=8N <>=>?>;88 =0 B>@3>2;N A 8B05< 8 ;8:2848@>20; 55 :0: B>@3>2CN >@30=870F8N ; ?0@;0<5=B >AB028; 70 ><?0=859 ;8HL 04<8=8AB@0B82=K5 DC=:F88 , ?@>4;82 55 E0@B8N 4> 1 8 5 3 3>40 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # p - 3 9 2 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 9 2 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # 2 8 2 " n a m e = " 2 8 2 " > < s t r o n g > 2 8 2 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « T h e P h o e n i x » < / e m > ( «$5=8:A » ) 0=3;89A:0O ?@028B5;LAB25==0O 3075B0 2 =488 , 2KE>48;0 2 0;L:CBB5 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 2 . h t m # p - 3 9 4 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 9 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 8 3 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 8 3 . < / s t r o n g > 03;0285 40=> ?> 70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1 8 5 8 3>4 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 3 9 5 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 9 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 8 4 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 8 4 . < / s t r o n g > 0A?>@O65=85 3;02=>:><0=4CNI53> 0=3;89A:8<8 2>9A:0<8 ;>@40 03;0=0 > :>==>9 0B0:5 =0 @CAA:85 10B0@58 2 A@065=88 ?>4 0;0:;02>9 2 5 ( 1 3 ) >:BO1@O 1 8 5 4 3 . O28;>AL ?@8G8=>9 3815;8 ;53:>9 :020;5@88 0=3;8G0= , GB> ?@>8725;> A8;L=>5 2?5G0B;5=85 2 =3;88 . KB0OAL >?@0240BLAO , ;>@4 03;0= 2?>A;54AB288 CB25@640; , GB> 28=0 70 MB> ;568B =0 :0?8B0=5 >;0=5 , O:>1K =5B>G=> ?5@5402H5< 53> ?@8:07 . 4=0:> ?@>25@8BL MB>B D0:B 1K;> >G5=L B@C4=> , B0: :0: >;0= 1K; C18B G5@57 =5A:>;L:> <8=CB ?>A;5 ?5@540G8 ?@8:070 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 3 9 9 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 9 9 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 8 5 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 8 5 . < / s t r o n g > 03;0285 40=> ?> 70?8A=>9 :=86:5 0@:A0 70 1 8 5 8 3>4 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 1 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 1 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 8 6 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 8 6 . < / s t r o n g > 0<5: =0 ?>?KB:C C8 >=0?0@B0 A>25@H8BL 6 023CAB0 1 8 4 0 3 . 3>AC40@AB25==K9 ?5@52>@>B . A?>;L7CO =5:>B>@>5 >682;5=85 1>=0?0@B8ABA:8E =0AB@>5=89 2> $@0=F88 , >= 2KA048;AO A :CG:>9 703>2>@I8:>2 2 C;>=8 A F5;LN ?>4=OBL <OB56 A@548 2>9A: <5AB=>3> 30@=87>=0 . -B0 ?>?KB:0 >:>=G8;0AL ?>;=K< ?@>20;>< , >=0?0@B 1K; ?@83>2>@5= : ?>687=5==><C BN@5<=><C 70:;NG5=8N , => 2 1 8 4 6 3 . 1560; 2 =3;8N . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 1 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 1 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 8 7 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 8 7 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > « L e S p e c t a t e u r » < / e m > ( «@8B5;L » ) ?>4 40==K< =0720=85< 2KE>48;0 2 0@865 A A5=BO1@O 1 8 5 7 ?> O=20@L 1 8 5 8 3 . D@0=FC7A:0O 3075B0 « L ' A s s e m b l é e n a t i o n a l e » (A< . ?@8<5G0=85 < s t r o n g > 6 4 < / s t r o n g > ) . < b r >
< b r >
< e m > « L e P h a r e d e l a L o i r e » < / e m > ( « 0O: C0@K » ) D@0=FC7A:0O 5654=52=0O 3075B0 , 2KE>48;0 2 0=B5 A 1 8 1 5 3>40 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 4 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 8 8 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 8 8 . < / s t r o n g > 0;55 2 B5:AB AB0BL8 0@:A0 @540:F859 « N e w - Y o r k D a i l y T r i b u n e » 2AB02;5= A;54CNI89 0170F : «;8 , :0: ?8H5B 2 ?8AL<5 , ?>;CG5==>< A ?0@>E>4>< «D@8:0 » , >48= 8725AB=K9 0<5@8:0=5F , =K=5 ?@>6820NI89 2> $@0=F88 : «$@0=FC7K =0E>4OBAO 2> 2;0AB8 A0<KE <@0G=KE ?@54GC2AB289 . 0 4=OE O 15A54>20; A >4=>9 <>59 7=0:><>9 , >G5=L A5@L57=>9 8 C<=>9 65=I8=>9 , 8>=0 A:070;0 <=5 s o t t o v o c e [2?>;3>;>A0 ] , GB> 2A5 , A :5< 1K >=0 =8 3>2>@8;0 , 8A?KBK20NB 3=5BCI89 AB@0E ?5@54 1C4CI8< , ?5@54 4=5< >B<I5=8O , > :>B>@>< AB@0H=> 4065 ?>4C<0BL . > 55 A;>20< , ?>ABC?;5=8O 2 m o n t - d e - p i & e a c u t e ; t & e a c u t e ; [;><10@4K ] A>:@0B8;8AL =0AB>;L:> , GB> 2A5< OA=> , GB> C ;N459 =5 >AB0;>AL =8G53> , :@><5 A0<>3> =5>1E>48<>3> , 0 MB> , 2 55 3;070E 8 2 3;070E 55 4@C759 , 25@=K9 ?@87=0: B>3> , GB> 1;87:0 >:>=G0B5;L=0O :0B0AB@>D0 » » . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 4 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 8 9 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 8 9 . < / s t r o n g > <55BAO 2 284C 70:>= >1 >1I5AB25==>9 157>?0A=>AB8 , 8725AB=K9 ?>4 =0720=85< 70:>=0 > ?>4>7@8B5;L=KE ( l o i d e s s u s p e c t s ) , :>B>@K9 1K; ?@8=OB 0:>=>40B5;L=K< :>@?CA>< 1 9 D52@0;O 1 8 5 8 3>40 . 0:>= 4020; ?@028B5;LAB2C 8 8<?5@0B>@C =5>3@0=8G5==>5 ?@02> AAK;0BL 2 @07;8G=K5 <5AB=>AB8 $@0=F88 8 ;68@0 8;8 2>2A5 873>=OBL A D@0=FC7A:>9 B5@@8B>@88 2A5E ;8F , ?>4>7@5205<KE 2> 2@06451=>< >B=>H5=88 : @568<C B>@>9 8<?5@88 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 4 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 4 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 9 0 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 9 0 . < / s t r o n g > 5GL 845B > B0: =07K205<>< 1I5AB25 1 0 45:01@O < / a > (A< . ?@8<5G0=85 < s t r o n g > < a h r e f = " r e f s - 0 5 0 . h t m # 0 3 0 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 3 0 < / a > < / s t r o n g > ) . < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 5 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 9 1 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 9 1 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > @5B>@80=F0<8 < / e m > 2 @52=5< 8<5 =07K20;8AL 2>8=K 87 ;8G=>9 >E@0=K 8<?5@0B>@0 , =0E>482H85AO 2 ?@828;538@>20==>< ?>;>65=88 . 0@:A =07K205B ?@5B>@80=F0<8 ?@54AB028B5;59 D@0=FC7A:>9 2>5=I8=K , =0 :>B>@KE >?8@0;AO 0?>;5>= I I I < / a > (A< . B0:65 =0AB>OI89 B>< , AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 1 2 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 1 2 4 1 5 < / a > ) . < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 5 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 9 2 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 9 2 . < / s t r o n g > 5:@5B , @0745;O2H89 B5@@8B>@8N $@0=FC7A:>9 8<?5@88 =0 ?OBL 2>5==KE >:@C3>2 , 1K; 8740= 2 7 O=20@O 1 8 5 8 3>40 . 4<8=8AB@0B82=K<8 F5=B@0<8 MB8E >:@C3>2 O2;O;8AL 0@86 , 0=A8 , 8>= , "C;C70 8 "C@ , 2> 3;025 :>B>@KE 1K;8 ?>AB02;5=K <0@H0;K 0=LO= , 0@035 4 ';L5 , >A:5 , 0AB5;;0= 8 0=@>15@ . 07K20O 2>5==K5 >:@C30 ?0H0;K:0<8 , 0@:A 8A?>;L7C5B ?@>728I5 , :>B>@>5 40;0 8< @5A?C1;8:0=A:0O ?@5AA0 5I5 2 1 8 5 0 3 . , ?>4G5@:820O AE>4AB2> <564C =5>3@0=8G5==>9 2;0ABLN 2>73;02;O2H8E 8E B>340 @50:F8>==KE 35=5@0;>2 8 45A?>B8G5A:>9 2;0ABLN BC@5F:8E ?0H59 . 07=0G5=85 5;8AL5 2 1 8 5 8 3 . 3;02=K< <0@H0;>< , :>B>@><C 4>;6=K 1K;8 ?>4G8=OBLAO 2A5 >:@C30 , ;8HL ?@54?>;030;>AL , => >ACI5AB2;5=> =5 1K;> . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 5 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 9 3 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 9 3 . < / s t r o n g > 0@:A 8<55B 2 284C ?>?C;O@=K9 2 A2>5 2@5<O @><0= 6>=0 5=80=0 « CB5H5AB285 ?8;83@8<0 » , < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 5 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 9 4 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 9 4 . < / s t r o n g > 0<5: =0 ?>?KB:C C8 >=0?0@B0 A>25@H8BL 3 0 >:BO1@O 1 8 3 6 3 . 3>AC40@AB25==K9 ?5@52>@>B . ! MB>9 F5;LN >= >@30=87>20; 2 ?>;:C 30@=87>=0 3>@>40 !B@0A1C@30 703>2>@ , :>B>@K9 >:>=G8;AO ?>;=>9 =5C40G59 . >=0?0@B 1K; 0@5AB>20= 8 2KA;0= 2 <5@8:C . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 5 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 5 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 9 5 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 9 5 . < / s t r o n g > <0@B5 1 8 5 5 3 . 0?>;5>= =0<5@520;AO ?>5E0BL 2 @K< , A F5;LN 703;CH8BL @>?>B 2 0@<88 8 AB@0=5 , 0:B82878@>20BL 2>5==K5 459AB28O 8 CA:>@8BL 27OB85 !520AB>?>;O . 4=0:> ?>574:0 =5 A>AB>O;0AL . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 6 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 6 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 9 6 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 9 6 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >8;;L >1 8=>AB@0=F0E < / e m > (8=0G5 18;;L > 703>2>@0E ) 1K; 2=5A5= 0;L<5@AB>=>< 2 ?0;0BC >1I8= 8 D52@0;O 1 8 5 8 3 . ?>4 402;5=85< D@0=FC7A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 (C254><;5=85 > A2>5< =0<5@5=88 2=5AB8 18;;L 0;L<5@AB>= A45;0; 5 D52@0;O ) . !>3;0A=> MB><C 18;;N 2AO:89 , ?@>6820NI89 2 ?@545;0E !>548=5==>3> :>@>;52AB20 , 1C4L B> 0=3;8G0=8= 8;8 8=>AB@0=5F , 5A;8 >= 1K; >@30=870B>@>< 8;8 CG0AB=8:>< 703>2>@0 , 704C<0==>3> A F5;LN C189AB20 :0:>3> -;81> ;8F0 2 =3;88 8;8 2 ;N1>9 4@C3>9 AB@0=5 , 4>;65= 1K; 1KBL AC48< 0=3;89A:8< AC4>< 8 ?>425@3=CB AC@>2><C =0:070=8N . >4 402;5=85< <0AA>2>3> 42865=8O ?@>B5AB0 18;;L 1K; >B:;>=5= ?0;0B>9 >1I8= , 8 0;L<5@AB>= 1K; 2K=C645= C9B8 2 >BAB02:C . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 0 6 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 0 6 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 9 7 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 9 7 . < / s t r o n g > > @0A?>@O65=8N D@0=FC7A:>3> :><0=4>20=8O 35=5@0; -A?8=0A , 2>73;02;OO M:A?548F8>==K9 :>@?CA , ?@54?@8=O; 2 8N;5 023CAB5 1 8 5 4 3 . ?>E>4 ?@>B82 @CAA:8E 2>9A: 2 >1@C46C (>1;0ABL <564C =86=8< B5G5=85< @5:8 C=09 8 '5@=K< <>@5< ) , ?@8=04;5602HCN "C@F88 . 5 2AB@5B82 , >4=0:> , @CAA:8E , => ?>B5@O2 1>;55 ?>;>28=K A>AB020 :>@?CA0 87 -70 2A?KE=C2H59 2 2>9A:0E M?845<88 E>;5@K , -A?8=0A 70:>=G8; A2>9 ?>E>4 ?>7>@=K< >BABC?;5=85< . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 1 2 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 1 2 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 9 8 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 9 8 . < / s t r o n g > < e m >5@>9 !0B>@8 < / e m > B0: 0@:A =07K205B C8 >=0?0@B0 . 1 0 >:BO1@O 1 8 5 0 3 . C8 >=0?0@B , 2 B> 2@5<O ?@57845=B $@0=FC7A:>9 @5A?C1;8:8 , CAB@>8; =0 @02=8=5 !0B>@8 C 5@A0;O 35=5@0;L=K9 A<>B@ 2>9A:0< , 4;O :>B>@KE 1K;> >@30=87>20=> B0< 65 C3>I5=85 . "5< A0<K< C8 >=0?0@B , 3>B>2OAL : 3>AC40@AB25==><C ?5@52>@>BC , ?KB0;AO ?>4:C?8BL 0@<8N ; >= 4>18;AO B>3> , GB> :020;5@8O ?@825BAB2>20;0 53> =0 A<>B@5 :@8:0<8 «0 74@02AB2C5B 8<?5@0B>@ ! » . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 1 2 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 1 2 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 2 9 9 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 2 9 9 . < / s t r o n g > 9 B5@<84>@0 ( 2 7 2 8 8N;O 1 7 9 4 3 . ) 1K; A>25@H5= :>=B@@52>;NF8>==K9 3>AC40@AB25==K9 ?5@52>@>B 2> $@0=F88 , ?@8254H89 : ?045=8N ?@028B5;LAB20 O:>18=F52 8 : CAB0=>2;5=8N 3>A?>4AB20 :@C?=>9 1C@6C0788 . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 1 3 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 1 3 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a n a m e = " 3 0 0 " h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # " > < s t r o n g > 3 0 0 . < / s t r o n g > < e m > 0;5 - >O;L < / e m > (>@>;52A:89 42>@5F ) 42>@5F 2 0@865 , A;C682H89 A 1 6 4 3 3 . @57845=F859 N4>28:0 X I V 8 A 1 6 9 2 3 . ?5@5H54H89 2 A>1AB25==>ABL @;50=A:>9 25B28 C@1>=>2 . 5 0 -E 3>40E 1K; @57845=F859 4O48 0?>;5>=0 I I I , 1K2H53> 25ABD0;LA:>3> :>@>;O 5@><0 >=0?0@B0 8 53> AK=0 >75D0 >=0?0@B0 , =>A82H53> 4> @>645=8O AK=0 0?>;5>=0 I I I B8BC; D@0=FC7A:>3> =0A;54=>3> ?@8=F0 . 45AL =0<5: =0 =0BO=CBK5 >B=>H5=8O , :>B>@K5 1K;8 <564C 5@><>< 8 C8 >=0?0@B>< . < / a > < i > AB@ . < a h r e f = " 0 4 3 . h t m # p - 4 1 3 " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > 4 1 3 . < / a > < / i > < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > & n b s p ; < / p >
< p c l a s s = " P l " > < a h r e f = " r e f s - 2 0 0 . h t m " >?@54K4CI85 < / a > !<>B@5BL < a h r e f = " r e f s - 4 0 0 . h t m " >40;55 < / a > < / p >
< / b o d y >
< / h t m l >